Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Rectal bleeding can be a concerning symptom and may arise from various causes, ranging from benign conditions to more serious health issues. It is crucial to understand the potential reasons behind rectal bleeding and when to seek medical attention.


Common Causes of Rectal Bleeding
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of rectal bleeding is hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus. They can cause bright red blood during bowel movements, especially if straining occurs.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often resulting from passing hard stools. They can cause sharp pain and bleeding during bowel movements.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, a condition where small pouches form in the colon wall, can lead to diverticulitis, which may cause inflammation and bleeding.

4. Colorectal Polyps: These are growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. While most polyps are benign, some can develop into cancer over time and may cause bleeding.

5. Colorectal Cancer: This is a more serious cause of rectal bleeding. It may present with other symptoms such as changes in bowel habits, weight loss, or abdominal pain.

6. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation of the digestive tract, leading to bleeding.

7. Infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.


When to Seek Medical Help
It is essential to seek medical attention if you experience rectal bleeding, especially if:
- The bleeding is persistent or recurrent.

- You notice a significant amount of blood (more than a small amount).

- You experience accompanying symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, dizziness, or fainting.

- There are changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation lasting more than a few days.

- You have a family history of colorectal cancer or other gastrointestinal diseases.


What to Expect During a Medical Evaluation
When you visit a healthcare provider for rectal bleeding, they will likely perform a thorough evaluation, which may include:
- Medical History: Discussing your symptoms, duration, and any associated factors (such as diet, medications, or recent changes in bowel habits).

- Physical Examination: A digital rectal exam may be performed to assess for hemorrhoids or other abnormalities.

- Diagnostic Tests: Depending on the initial findings, further tests such as a colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, or imaging studies may be recommended to identify the source of bleeding.


Conclusion
While rectal bleeding can often be attributed to benign conditions like hemorrhoids or anal fissures, it is essential to take it seriously. Given your symptoms of abdominal pain and ongoing bleeding, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and ensure appropriate management of any underlying conditions. Remember, it is always better to err on the side of caution when it comes to your health.