Shoulder Dislocation: Long-Term Effects and Treatment Options

Shoulder dislocation

Hello Doctor: During my school years, I dislocated my shoulder while playing basketball.
I received treatment at a martial arts school and also consulted traditional Chinese medicine, but I didn't pay much attention to it afterward.
Several years later, I dislocated my shoulder again while swimming and realized that it hadn't healed properly.
Each time it dislocates, it's extremely painful, and I break into a cold sweat.
Regardless of whether it's a quick or slow dislocation, I push it back into place against the wall (pretty impressive, right?).
This has been going on for over 20 years, occurring about 1 to 5 times a year.
My question is, is there still hope for my shoulder? As I get older, will I be unable to lift it? Currently, my range of motion is okay, but swimming and any vigorous arm movements can lead to dislocation.
Everything else is fine.
Please help me address my long-standing concerns and questions.
Thank you!

Xiao Ling, 40~49 year old female. Ask Date: 2009/02/10

Dr. Shi Qiming reply Orthopedics

It is respectfully noted that a shoulder dislocation occurring at a young age can often lead to "recurrent shoulder dislocations" later on, with a frequency of 1-5 times per year.
In such cases, orthopedic consultation for diagnosis and potential surgical treatment should be considered.

Reply Date: 2009/02/10

More Info

Shoulder dislocation is a common injury, particularly among athletes, and it can lead to long-term complications if not properly managed. Your experience of recurrent shoulder dislocation over the past 20 years is not uncommon, and it raises important questions about the long-term effects and treatment options available to you.

When a shoulder dislocates, the humerus (the bone of the upper arm) pops out of the glenoid cavity of the scapula (shoulder blade). This can cause damage to the surrounding ligaments, tendons, and muscles, and can lead to instability in the shoulder joint. Over time, repeated dislocations can result in chronic pain, weakness, and decreased range of motion. In your case, the fact that you have experienced 1 to 5 dislocations per year suggests that your shoulder may have developed significant instability.

The long-term effects of recurrent shoulder dislocation can include:
1. Chronic Pain: Many individuals with a history of shoulder dislocation experience ongoing discomfort, particularly during activities that require overhead motion or heavy lifting.

2. Joint Instability: The more frequently the shoulder dislocates, the more unstable it can become. This instability can lead to a feeling of the shoulder "giving way" during certain movements.

3. Arthritis: Repeated trauma to the shoulder joint can increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis later in life. This is due to the wear and tear on the cartilage that cushions the joint.

4. Decreased Range of Motion: Over time, the muscles and ligaments around the shoulder may tighten, leading to a reduced ability to move the arm freely.

Given your history, it is crucial to consider treatment options that can help stabilize your shoulder and prevent further dislocations. Here are some potential approaches:
1. Physical Therapy: A structured rehabilitation program can strengthen the muscles around the shoulder, improve stability, and enhance overall function. Exercises focusing on the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers are particularly beneficial.

2. Bracing: In some cases, wearing a shoulder brace during activities that may provoke dislocation can provide additional support and prevent injury.

3. Surgical Intervention: If conservative measures fail and dislocations continue to occur, surgical options may be considered. Procedures such as Bankart repair (which reattaches the torn labrum) or capsular shift (tightening the shoulder capsule) can help restore stability to the joint.

4. Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that put excessive strain on the shoulder, such as certain swimming strokes or overhead lifting, can help reduce the risk of dislocation.

5. Regular Monitoring: Given your age and activity level, regular check-ups with an orthopedic specialist can help monitor the condition of your shoulder and make timely interventions if necessary.

In conclusion, while your shoulder has been a source of concern for many years, there are effective treatment options available. Engaging in physical therapy and possibly considering surgical options can significantly improve your shoulder stability and quality of life. It is essential to consult with an orthopedic specialist who can evaluate your specific situation and recommend a personalized treatment plan. With the right approach, you can regain confidence in your shoulder and continue to enjoy your activities without the fear of dislocation.

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