How to Check for Diabetes: Which Specialist to See and Tests to Take - Family Medicine

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How to check for diabetes?


If you want to find out whether you have diabetes, you should see an endocrinologist.
To check for diabetes, you may undergo tests such as fasting blood glucose tests, oral glucose tolerance tests, or HbA1c tests.
Thank you.

Mr. Chen, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2013/07/17

Dr. Chen Bozhang reply Family Medicine


Hello: It is recommended that you schedule an appointment with the Metabolism Department for evaluation and to arrange relevant tests.
Thank you!

Reply Date: 2013/07/17

More Info


To determine whether you have diabetes, the first step is to consult a healthcare professional. The most appropriate specialist to see is an endocrinologist, who specializes in hormonal disorders, including diabetes. However, you can also start with your primary care physician, who can perform initial assessments and refer you to an endocrinologist if necessary.

When you visit a healthcare provider, they will typically recommend a series of tests to evaluate your blood sugar levels. The most common tests for diagnosing diabetes include:
1. Fasting Blood Glucose Test: This test measures your blood sugar level after fasting for at least eight hours. A fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher indicates diabetes.

2. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): This test involves fasting overnight and then drinking a sugary solution. Your blood sugar levels are tested at intervals after consuming the solution. A blood sugar level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher two hours after drinking the solution indicates diabetes.

3. Hemoglobin A1c Test: This test measures your average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. An A1c level of 6.5% or higher indicates diabetes. This test does not require fasting, making it a convenient option.

4. Random Blood Sugar Test: A blood sample is taken at a random time, regardless of when you last ate. A blood sugar level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher suggests diabetes, especially if you have symptoms of high blood sugar.

If you have symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or blurred vision, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. These symptoms can indicate high blood sugar levels and the potential onset of diabetes.

In addition to these tests, your healthcare provider may also assess your risk factors for diabetes, which include family history, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels. Understanding your risk factors can help guide your healthcare provider in determining the best course of action.

Once diagnosed, managing diabetes typically involves lifestyle changes, including dietary modifications, regular physical activity, and possibly medication or insulin therapy. It is essential to work closely with your healthcare team to develop a personalized management plan that suits your needs.

In terms of dietary recommendations, it is advisable to focus on a balanced diet rich in whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats, and plenty of fruits and vegetables. Monitoring carbohydrate intake is crucial, as carbohydrates directly affect blood sugar levels. Regular physical activity, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, can also help improve insulin sensitivity and control blood sugar levels.

In summary, if you suspect you may have diabetes, start by consulting your primary care physician or an endocrinologist. They will guide you through the necessary tests to confirm a diagnosis and help you develop a comprehensive management plan tailored to your individual needs. Remember, early detection and intervention are key to effectively managing diabetes and preventing complications.

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