Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Rectal bleeding can be a concerning symptom, and it's important to understand its potential causes and when to seek medical help. Based on your description, it seems that you are experiencing rectal bleeding primarily during bowel movements, accompanied by a sensation of pain or discomfort. This pattern can be indicative of several conditions, and I will outline some common causes, as well as when you should consider seeking medical attention.


Common Causes of Rectal Bleeding
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of bright red blood during bowel movements is hemorrhoids. These are swollen blood vessels in the rectal area that can become inflamed or irritated, leading to bleeding and pain, especially during bowel movements. The blood is usually bright red and may be seen on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl.

2. Anal Fissures: An anal fissure is a small tear in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. This can lead to sharp pain during bowel movements and may result in bleeding. The blood is typically bright red and may be accompanied by a stinging sensation.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, which involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, can lead to diverticulitis if these pouches become inflamed. This condition can cause bleeding, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits.

4. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation in the digestive tract, leading to symptoms like rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

5. Polyps or Colorectal Cancer: While less common, rectal bleeding can also be a sign of polyps or colorectal cancer. Polyps are growths on the lining of the colon that can bleed, and some may develop into cancer over time.


When to Seek Medical Help
Given that you have been experiencing rectal bleeding for a month, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. Here are specific situations where you should seek immediate medical attention:
- Persistent Bleeding: If the bleeding continues or worsens, it is important to get evaluated.

- Severe Pain: If you experience significant pain that does not improve, this could indicate a more serious condition.

- Changes in Bowel Habits: If you notice changes in your bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation, along with bleeding, this warrants further investigation.

- Associated Symptoms: If you experience other symptoms such as weight loss, fatigue, or fever, these could indicate a more serious underlying issue.


Diagnostic Approach
When you visit a healthcare provider, they may perform a physical examination, including a digital rectal exam, to assess for hemorrhoids or fissures. They may also recommend further tests such as:
- Colonoscopy: This procedure allows the doctor to view the inside of your colon and rectum, helping to identify any abnormalities such as polyps, inflammation, or tumors.

- Blood Tests: These can help assess your overall health and check for anemia, which can occur due to chronic bleeding.


Conclusion
In summary, while rectal bleeding can often be attributed to benign conditions like hemorrhoids or anal fissures, it is crucial to seek medical advice, especially since your symptoms have persisted for a month. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and ensure proper management of any underlying conditions. Please do not hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and personalized care.