Positive Urine Blood Test Results: What You Need to Know

What is urinary occult blood?

Hello: Last year during my company's health check-up, the report showed a positive result for urine occult blood.
What disease could this indicate? Thank you.

Xiao Gao, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2002/06/17

Dr. Liu Jinyong reply Family Medicine

The normal value for red blood cells in urine is less than 4 per high power field; exceeding this number indicates the presence of hematuria.
Any condition affecting the urinary system, including stones, tumors, infections, or inflammation, can result in hematuria, which is a non-specific change.
The shape of the red blood cells can serve as a reference for determining the source of hematuria.
If there are dysmorphic red blood cells, the hematuria may originate from the kidneys; if the red blood cells are intact or if blood clots are present, the hematuria may originate from the urinary tract.
Cardiovascular system:
1.
Hematuria in bacterial endocarditis.
2.
Acute nephritis.
3.
Intravascular hemolysis.
4.
Renal congestion.
5.
Renal hypertension.
6.
Renal neoplasia (the last two can cause hemoglobinuria).
7.
Renal disease syndrome.
Hepatic system:
1.
Hematuria due to cirrhosis (coagulation factor dysfunction).
Pancreatic system:
1.
Hemoglobinuria in Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome.
Gastrointestinal system:
1.
Hematuria due to colonic diverticula.
Other sources of hematuria:
1.
Chronic infections.
2.
Long-term use of phenacetin.
3.
Long-term use of sulfonamides.
4.
Collagen diseases and hematological disorders.
5.
Myoglobinuria (muscle contusion).
6.
Severe burns.
7.
Hemolytic anemia.
8.
Incompatible blood transfusions.
9.
Cold exposure, eclampsia.
10.
Allergic reactions.
The last five can cause hemoglobinuria.
If the above conditions do not improve, please consult a urologist or nephrologist at a hospital affiliated with the Department of Health for further examination and treatment.
Prevention is better than treatment.

Reply Date: 2002/06/17

More Info

When you receive a positive urine blood test result, also known as hematuria, it can be concerning and may indicate various underlying conditions. Hematuria is defined as the presence of blood in the urine, which can be detected through a urine dipstick test or microscopic examination. A positive result can be classified as either gross hematuria, where blood is visible to the naked eye, or microscopic hematuria, where blood is only detectable under a microscope.

There are several potential causes of hematuria, and understanding these can help you determine the next steps. Some common causes include:
1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Infections in the urinary tract can lead to inflammation and bleeding, resulting in blood appearing in the urine. Symptoms may include frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.

2. Kidney Stones: Hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys can cause significant pain and bleeding as they pass through the urinary tract. Symptoms often include severe pain in the back or side, blood in the urine, and nausea.

3. Glomerulonephritis: This is an inflammation of the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli) and can be caused by various conditions, including infections, autoimmune diseases, or certain medications. It may present with hematuria, proteinuria (excess protein in urine), and edema (swelling).

4. Trauma: Any injury to the kidneys or urinary tract can result in bleeding. This could be due to accidents, falls, or sports injuries.

5. Tumors: Both benign and malignant tumors in the kidneys or bladder can cause hematuria. This is particularly concerning if you are older or have risk factors for cancer.

6. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): In older men, an enlarged prostate can lead to urinary symptoms and may cause blood in the urine.

7. Medications: Certain medications, such as blood thinners (anticoagulants), can increase the risk of bleeding and result in hematuria.

Given your positive urine blood test result, it is essential to follow up with your healthcare provider for further evaluation. They may recommend additional tests, such as:
- Urinalysis: To check for other abnormalities, such as protein or signs of infection.

- Imaging Studies: Ultrasound, CT scans, or X-rays can help visualize the kidneys and urinary tract to identify stones, tumors, or other abnormalities.

- Cystoscopy: A procedure that allows direct visualization of the bladder and urethra to identify any lesions or abnormalities.

It is important to note that a single positive urine blood test does not necessarily indicate a serious condition. Many cases of hematuria are benign and resolve on their own. However, persistent hematuria or associated symptoms (such as pain, fever, or changes in urination) warrant further investigation to rule out serious conditions.

In summary, a positive urine blood test result can be caused by various factors, ranging from infections to more serious conditions like tumors. It is crucial to consult with your healthcare provider for a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate management based on your specific situation. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes, especially if a serious underlying condition is present.

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