Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Rectal bleeding can be a concerning symptom, and understanding its potential causes is crucial for determining when to seek medical help. Based on your description, it seems that you experience rectal bleeding approximately every three months, accompanied by a stinging sensation after bowel movements. This bleeding typically resolves after a few days.
There are several potential causes of rectal bleeding, and they can range from benign to more serious conditions. Here are some common causes:
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of rectal bleeding, hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectal area that can become inflamed or irritated, leading to bleeding during bowel movements. The bleeding is usually bright red and may be accompanied by pain or discomfort.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. They can result in sharp pain and bleeding during or after bowel movements.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, which involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, can lead to diverticulitis, where these pouches become inflamed or infected. This condition can cause rectal bleeding.

4. Colorectal Polyps or Cancer: While less common, polyps (growths on the colon lining) can bleed, and some may be precursors to colorectal cancer. It’s important to monitor any changes in your bowel habits or bleeding patterns.

5. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding.

6. Infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.

Given that your symptoms occur intermittently and resolve after a few days, it may suggest a benign cause, such as hemorrhoids or anal fissures. However, it is essential to consider the frequency and nature of the bleeding. If the bleeding persists, increases in frequency, or is accompanied by other symptoms such as significant pain, changes in bowel habits, weight loss, or fatigue, it is crucial to seek medical attention.


When to Seek Help
You should consult a healthcare professional if you experience any of the following:
- Persistent Bleeding: If the bleeding does not resolve after a few days or occurs more frequently.

- Severe Pain: If you experience significant pain during or after bowel movements.

- Changes in Bowel Habits: Such as diarrhea or constipation that lasts for more than a few days.

- Weight Loss or Fatigue: Unexplained weight loss or persistent fatigue can be signs of a more serious condition.

- Family History: If you have a family history of colorectal cancer or other gastrointestinal diseases.


Diagnostic Approach
When you visit a healthcare provider, they may perform a physical examination, including a digital rectal exam, and may recommend further tests such as:
- Colonoscopy: This procedure allows the doctor to view the inside of your colon and rectum, helping to identify any abnormalities.

- Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy but examines only the lower part of the colon.

- Blood Tests: To check for anemia or other underlying conditions.


Conclusion
While occasional rectal bleeding can be due to benign causes like hemorrhoids or fissures, it is essential to monitor your symptoms closely. If you notice any changes in the pattern or severity of your bleeding, or if you experience additional concerning symptoms, do not hesitate to seek medical advice. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and ensure better health outcomes.