Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Rectal bleeding can be a concerning symptom, and understanding its potential causes is crucial for determining the appropriate course of action. The presence of blood during bowel movements can arise from various sources within the gastrointestinal tract, and it is essential to differentiate between these to address the issue effectively.

One of the most common causes of rectal bleeding is hemorrhoids. These are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus that can become inflamed and bleed, especially during bowel movements. Hemorrhoids can be internal or external, and they often present with bright red blood on the toilet paper or in the toilet bowl. Other symptoms may include itching, discomfort, or a lump near the anus.

Another potential cause is anal fissures, which are small tears in the lining of the anus. These can occur due to passing hard stools or straining during bowel movements, leading to sharp pain and bleeding. Fissures are typically associated with bright red blood and may cause a burning sensation.

In some cases, rectal bleeding may indicate more serious conditions, such as diverticular disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or colorectal cancer. Diverticulosis involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, which can become inflamed or infected, leading to bleeding. IBD, which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, can cause inflammation and ulceration in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in bloody stools. Colorectal cancer, while less common, is a significant concern, especially in individuals over the age of 50 or those with a family history of the disease.

Given your symptoms, including the presence of blood during bowel movements and the sensation of a lump when examining the rectal area, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly. A healthcare provider will likely perform a thorough evaluation, which may include a physical examination, a digital rectal exam, and possibly imaging studies or a colonoscopy to visualize the colon and rectum directly. These assessments will help identify the underlying cause of the bleeding and guide appropriate treatment.

In the meantime, it is advisable to maintain a diet high in fiber to promote regular bowel movements and prevent straining, which can exacerbate hemorrhoids or fissures. Staying hydrated and considering over-the-counter remedies for hemorrhoids, such as topical treatments or stool softeners, may provide relief.

In summary, rectal bleeding can stem from various causes, ranging from benign conditions like hemorrhoids to more serious issues such as IBD or cancer. Given the persistence of your symptoms over the past few days, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for a comprehensive evaluation and tailored treatment plan. Early intervention can significantly improve outcomes and alleviate any potential complications.