Can Antibacterial Sprays Enhance Mask Protection Against Viruses?
Antibacterial spray for virus protection? Hello Doctor: I would like to ask about commercially available antibacterial sprays for clothing, such as Golden Shield Long-Lasting Antibacterial Liquid, Formosa Biomedical Antibacterial Protection Spray, and Aether Antibacterial Spray, ...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello: To truly determine the antibacterial efficacy of these sprays or antimicrobial solutions when applied to masks, testing is necessary. However, it is important to note that the primary function of masks is to prevent bacteria and viruses from passing through the pores and e...[Read More] Can Antibacterial Sprays Enhance Mask Protection Against Viruses?
Understanding the Risks of STDs from Unprotected Sexual Encounters
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) If I am still a virgin and I have sexual intercourse with someone who is also a virgin without using a condom, and then I have intercourse with another person under the same conditions, what are the risks? Additionally, if oral sex is performe...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be transmitted through any unprotected sexual contact. For women, having an intact hymen does not necessarily mean that they are free from any STIs, as infections can still be acquired through sexual contact other than vaginal int...[Read More] Understanding the Risks of STDs from Unprotected Sexual Encounters
Unexplained Skin Petechiae: Causes and Concerns for Your Health
Unknown cause of petechiae on the skin? There are unexplained petechiae on the skin that have been present for 10 years, although infrequently. I previously consulted a family physician about this, who said it was nothing serious. I just returned from the supermarket and noticed ...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV typically do not present with petechiae. If you are concerned, it is advisable to see a doctor to check your platelet count and coagulation function. Additionally, petechiae generally do not form scabs, so if you notice similar spots on yo...[Read More] Unexplained Skin Petechiae: Causes and Concerns for Your Health
Assessing the Risk of Hepatitis B Infection in Infants After Vaccination
Regarding the issue of hepatitis B infection in newborns? Hello Dr. Lin: My child is currently over six months old and has received the first, second, and third doses of the Hepatitis B vaccine at birth, one month, and six months, respectively. Since the child's grandmother ...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello: The chances should be very low. 1. In fact, after receiving the second dose, more than half of the individuals should have immunity against hepatitis B; the third dose is intended to help maintain immunity for a longer duration. 2. The primary modes of transmission for hep...[Read More] Assessing the Risk of Hepatitis B Infection in Infants After Vaccination
Understanding Dark Green Stool: Causes and When to Seek Help
The stool appears dark green? Doctor, I would like to ask, I don't eat vegetables and rarely eat fruits. I've been experiencing diarrhea for the past few days, and the stool is dark green, sometimes even black. Is there a problem with this?
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello: It's hard to say, but dark green stool during diarrhea is quite common and is usually related to changes in gut flora and the types of food consumed. It is advisable to observe for a few days. Black stool primarily needs to rule out gastrointestinal bleeding, and it i...[Read More] Understanding Dark Green Stool: Causes and When to Seek Help
Can a Single Drop of Blood Transmit HIV? Understanding the Risks
Blood droplets in the mouth? I was walking under an awning today when suddenly an unknown liquid dripped down and landed right on my mouth. At first, I didn't think much of it, but later I started to worry that if it was HIV-infected blood that dripped into my mouth and then...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello: There have been many similar questions and answers for reference. Essentially, there have not been any documented cases of HIV transmission through blood splashing into the mouth. Theoretically, the mouth would need to have mucosal damage for transmission to be more likely...[Read More] Can a Single Drop of Blood Transmit HIV? Understanding the Risks
Can You Get HIV from Blood Splashing on Your Lips?
Can getting blood on the lips lead to HIV infection? The last time I was sitting next to a friend who was cutting paper, he accidentally cut his hand. At that moment, I was looking down writing, and I was worried that if 1-2 drops of his blood splattered onto my upper lip, would ...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello: Similar questions have been asked by many people before. Essentially, the lips are made of skin tissue, and unless there is a break in the skin, they do not transmit any diseases. I recommend that you only consider getting an HIV test if your friend is a confirmed HIV pati...[Read More] Can You Get HIV from Blood Splashing on Your Lips?
Understanding HIV Infection Risks from Blood Exposure to Eyes
Final inquiry? Hello, doctor. I started to worry about many things after reading online that there is a risk of HIV infection if blood gets into the eyes. 1. The doctor mentioned that a single incident does not require testing because there are various behaviors involved. Is it t...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello: Based on the assessment of potential transmission risks from a single occurrence, the scenarios you mentioned do not present a high enough risk to warrant specific testing (in cases where the source of blood is not confirmed and is from an untreated HIV-positive individual...[Read More] Understanding HIV Infection Risks from Blood Exposure to Eyes
Assessing HIV Infection Risks from Contaminated Food and Utensils
I'm sorry, but I need more context or specific content to Hello Doctor, thank you for your previous response! 1. I would like to ask, since the ice was brought by my boss and I immediately ate it after taking it with a spoon, I was unsure if there was any bleeding from the...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
It's actually a matter of probability. Unless there is reason to suspect that the boss is an HIV-positive individual, I believe the transmission risk in the situations mentioned above is not high enough to warrant screening. (Generally, oral ulcers do not bleed; even if ther...[Read More] Assessing HIV Infection Risks from Contaminated Food and Utensils
Understanding Blood Exposure Risks: Can You Get HIV from Eye Contact?
Daydreaming 1. Hello Doctor, last time you mentioned that there is a theoretical risk of infection if blood splashes into the eyes, but in practice, there have been no such cases. Does this mean that no one has contracted HIV from blood splashing into their eyes? 2. Is it necess...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
It is a probability issue; theoretically, any contact with blood poses a certain risk of transmission. However, in practice, no one has contracted HIV through this route. The likelihood of transmission through oral mucosa or the eyes is quite low. Therefore, unless there is a spe...[Read More] Understanding Blood Exposure Risks: Can You Get HIV from Eye Contact?
Risk of HIV Infection from Contaminated Food: What You Need to Know
Ingesting blood? Hello doctor, I would like to ask a question. Today when I went to get ice, the owner brought it over, but his hand touched the inside of the bowl and the ice. I was wondering, if he had a wound on his hand that came into contact with the bowl or the ice, and the...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello, there have been no documented cases of HIV transmission through food. The HIV virus loses its viability within minutes after leaving the human body, making the chances of transmission through contaminated food extremely low. Additionally, unless there is an active bleeding...[Read More] Risk of HIV Infection from Contaminated Food: What You Need to Know
Assessing HIV Infection Risks from Blood Exposure to Eyes
Please ask again? 1. Hello doctor, I have a question again. Today while I was working, I was wearing gloves and came into contact with someone else's blood. Then, I grabbed a plastic bag, and the wind blew it into my eye. If the area of the plastic bag that hit my eye had so...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
If your work involves a high risk of blood splatter, it is advisable to wear goggles or use other protective measures. The various situations you mentioned carry a low risk of infection, but it is not impossible to contract an infection. Therefore, if you are concerned, it is rec...[Read More] Assessing HIV Infection Risks from Blood Exposure to Eyes
Understanding Blood Exposure Risks: Eye Infection and Transmission Questions
I'm sorry, but I need more context or content to provide Hello, doctor. Thank you for your previous response. I would like to ask two questions: 1. If a colleague has a wound on their hand and blood from that wound splashes into my eyes when they shake their hand, is there...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello: The questions you raised are actually common concerns among many people. It's fundamentally a matter of probability, much like how no one can guarantee that they won't be struck by lightning while walking down the street, but the likelihood is so low that it does...[Read More] Understanding Blood Exposure Risks: Eye Infection and Transmission Questions
Risk of Bloodborne Infections from Air Blowing: Do You Need Testing?
Blood infection Hello doctor, I would like to ask about a situation where a colleague used a heat gun to blow air on their hand, and some of that air ended up blowing onto my face. If they had an open wound on their hand and blood was expelled while using the heat gun, and that b...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello: Basically, the transmission route you mentioned does not exist. Unless your colleague's hand was actively bleeding profusely, it would be nearly impossible for a blow dryer to blow blood from their wound onto your facial wound. Once the virus leaves the human body (bl...[Read More] Risk of Bloodborne Infections from Air Blowing: Do You Need Testing?
Understanding Infection Risks After Engaging in High-Risk Sexual Behavior
Regarding high-risk behaviors? Hello, doctor. I would like to ask about the risk of infection after engaging in risky sexual behavior. If both parties do not have any sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and there has been no sexual activity prior to having unprotected sex with...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello, I'm not quite sure about your question. If the sex worker does not have any sexually transmitted infections (STIs), then there is naturally no risk of transmitting any diseases through unprotected sexual intercourse with them. However, if the sex worker does have an S...[Read More] Understanding Infection Risks After Engaging in High-Risk Sexual Behavior
Understanding STI Risks in Monogamous Same-Sex Relationships: Prevention Tips
Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Hello, doctor. If I have a fixed, monogamous same-sex partner and our sexual life is straightforward, is there still a possibility of contracting HPV, amoebic dysentery, or poliovirus, among other sexually transmitted or fecal-oral t...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello! Partners can transmit existing diseases to each other through sexual intercourse or fecal-oral routes. Therefore, if one partner has HPV or amoebiasis, it is certainly possible to transmit it to the other partner. If both partners are in a monogamous relationship, there wo...[Read More] Understanding STI Risks in Monogamous Same-Sex Relationships: Prevention Tips
Am I at Risk of HIV or STDs from Casual Encounters?
Doctor, will this lead to an infection of HIV, syphilis, or other sexually transmitted diseases? I'm not a medical professional, but I can provide some general information based on your concerns. 1. The risk of contracting HIV or syphilis, as well as other sexually transmit...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello: There can be many similar situations, and the basic principles are as follows: 1. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) encompass a wide range of diseases. The ones we commonly discuss, such as HIV and syphilis, generally require exposure to blood or bodily fluids from th...[Read More] Am I at Risk of HIV or STDs from Casual Encounters?
Understanding STD Risks with Monogamous Partners: What You Need to Know
Concern about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) transmission? Are there typically infectious bacteria or viruses present in the human body (such as papillomavirus)? If both partners have a fixed relationship and their sexual activities are very straightforward, without the u...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello! This question is difficult to answer simply. The human body hosts a vast number of bacteria and viruses (such as herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, etc.), so unprotected sexual intercourse can indeed lead to the transmission of bacteria and viruses between partner...[Read More] Understanding STD Risks with Monogamous Partners: What You Need to Know
Unexplained Warm Sensation in Urethra and Anus: Possible Causes and Concerns
Unexplained mild warmth at the urethral and anal openings? Hello Dr. Lin, in the past few months, I have been experiencing unusual sensations in the palms of my hands, feeling swollen and warm. When I use the restroom, I also feel a slight warmth around the urethral and anal area...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello Mr. Zhu: It is difficult to determine whether this is related to medication or due to other reasons based solely on this description. However, if the palms of your hands are simply feeling warm without any rash or pain, it is generally advisable to observe the situation fir...[Read More] Unexplained Warm Sensation in Urethra and Anus: Possible Causes and Concerns
Can You Contract HIV from Rubbing Against Contaminated Bedding?
HIV infection Hello, doctor. Recently, I slept naked in a hotel and rubbed my genitals against the blanket while sleeping. I am concerned about the possibility of contracting HIV, especially if the previous person was a carrier and there was semen on the blanket. Additionally, si...
Dr. Lin Wufu reply Internal Medicine
Hello: Actually, there is no need to worry, as there is no risk of transmitting HIV in this manner. The HIV virus has difficulty surviving once it leaves the human body (even without exposure to air). Therefore, there has been no documented case of someone contracting HIV indirec...[Read More] Can You Contract HIV from Rubbing Against Contaminated Bedding?