Understanding Glycated Hemoglobin: Key Questions for Diabetes Management
Glycated hemoglobin Hello Doctor, I would like to ask you about glycated hemoglobin. There is a family history of diabetes, and I have been vigilant and actively exercising and controlling my diet since December of last year. My height is 155 cm, and my weight has decreased from ...
Dr. Xiao Yongxun Reply:
Dear Ms. Chen: 1. The measurement of fasting plasma glucose in clinical practice refers to the plasma glucose level after fasting for more than 8 hours. The normal value is below 100 mg/dL; if it falls between 100 and 125 mg/dL, it is termed impaired fasting glycemia. For most i...[Read More] Understanding Glycated Hemoglobin: Key Questions for Diabetes Management
Understanding Weight Distribution and Healthy Eating for Students
I am a student? Hello, Doctor! 1. I am currently a student with a BMI of over 20, but compared to others of the same height, my thighs and buttocks are noticeably larger (while my waist is relatively slim). Could you explain why this is happening? Are there any methods to impro...
Dr. Zeng Guosen Reply:
Hello, thank you for your question. However, my knowledge in this area is limited, and I may not provide an accurate response. I recommend consulting a nutritionist. Thank you.[Read More] Understanding Weight Distribution and Healthy Eating for Students
Understanding GI and Weight Management: Tips for Students
GI-related issues Hello, doctor! 1. I am a student with a BMI of over 20, but compared to others of the same height, my thighs and buttocks are noticeably smaller, while my waist is relatively slim. Why is this? Are there ways to improve it? (I spend most of my time in school a...
Dr. Li Zhiyao Reply:
Hello: 1. To achieve a good physique, in addition to dietary control, exercise is also essential. 2. Your BMI is approximately 20, so there is no need for weight loss; therefore, questions 3 and 4 are irrelevant (do not trust online information; consulting a nutritionist is the b...[Read More] Understanding GI and Weight Management: Tips for Students
Protein Intake: Guidelines for Kidney Health and Function
The amount of protein intake? Hello, doctor. Should individuals with impaired kidney function limit their protein intake? And for individuals with normal kidney function, should they also restrict their protein consumption? Can excessive protein intake in the general population l...
Dr. Wu Jiyu Reply:
Hello, (1) Individuals with impaired kidney function should indeed limit their protein intake. Generally, as kidney function deteriorates, the recommended daily protein intake should be reduced to about 80% of that of the general population (0.8 grams per kilogram per day; the ty...[Read More] Protein Intake: Guidelines for Kidney Health and Function
Understanding Weight Loss: Tips for Students on Diet and Nutrition
Weight loss and slimming? Hello, doctor! 1. I am currently a student with a BMI of over 20, but compared to others of the same height, my thighs and buttocks are noticeably larger, while my waist is relatively slim. Could you explain why this is the case? Are there any methods ...
Dr. Xiao Yongxun Reply:
Dear Miss Lin: 1. For a 16-year-old female, maintaining a BMI (body mass index) between 18.5 and 23.9 kg/m² is considered good. It would be even better if the waist circumference is below 80 cm. As for a larger hip-to-thigh ratio, there could be many reasons, including genetic f...[Read More] Understanding Weight Loss: Tips for Students on Diet and Nutrition
Balancing Sweet Treats and Health: Tips for Pastry Chefs
Sweets and Body Composition Hello Doctor, I am a chef working as a pastry chef in a French dessert shop. I pay great attention to health, but due to my job, I have to taste every dessert. Of course, I know that sugar should be avoided as much as possible. Could you please advise ...
Dr. Xiao Yongxun Reply:
Dear Ms. Chen: 1. Generally speaking, one gram of starch produces four kilocalories, one gram of protein also produces four kilocalories, while one gram of fat produces nine kilocalories. Given that you are aware of the ingredients used in the French pastry shop, you should be a...[Read More] Balancing Sweet Treats and Health: Tips for Pastry Chefs
Post-Meal Blood Sugar: Walking Benefits and Glucose Fluctuations Explained
Measuring postprandial blood glucose? Hello Doctor, I have been controlling my diet. If I eat at 12 PM and measure my postprandial blood glucose at 2 PM, I usually start walking around 1:30 PM, which means I will be slightly active for about half an hour before the measurement. I...
Dr. Xiao Yongxun Reply:
Dear Mr. Gao: 1. A moderate walk after meals can effectively lower postprandial blood glucose levels; there should not be any major issues. In fact, individuals with regular exercise habits tend to have increased sensitivity of insulin receptors, which helps maintain stable bloo...[Read More] Post-Meal Blood Sugar: Walking Benefits and Glucose Fluctuations Explained
Understanding Anemia: Symptoms, Causes, and Dietary Solutions
Dizziness, anemia? Doctor, I need your advice regarding my condition. - I often feel dizzy and sometimes almost faint (I stand still and wait to recover). - Sometimes I have difficulty breathing. - Occasionally, I experience chest pain. - Sometimes when I stand up, everything goe...
Dr. Xie Rongyuan Reply:
Hello: If you frequently experience dizziness, shortness of breath, and chest pain, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible. Anemia can cause dizziness, but it is important to determine the underlying cause of the anemia in order to treat it effectively. Additionall...[Read More] Understanding Anemia: Symptoms, Causes, and Dietary Solutions
Managing Proteinuria in Lupus: Dietary Tips and Treatment Insights
Lupus proteinuria Hello, I have been diagnosed with lupus for about 10 years. Due to fluctuating levels, my steroid dosage has been adjusted multiple times. Recently, I discovered I have 3+ proteinuria, and I have never been hospitalized. My recent exercise levels have increased ...
Dr. Zeng Guosen Reply:
Hello, internet user: Exercise can indeed lead to trace amounts of urinary protein, but it is very rare to reach a level of 3+ proteinuria. It is important to monitor whether lupus is affecting the kidneys. The diet should be low in sodium and salt, and excessive protein intake s...[Read More] Managing Proteinuria in Lupus: Dietary Tips and Treatment Insights
Understanding Prediabetes Symptoms: Insights from Military Health Exams
Pre-diabetic symptoms in military service medical examinations? Hello Doctor: I have a few questions for you. I am 23 years old, with a BMI of 18.6 and weighing 48 kg. Before my health check, I ate half a lunch box, and the report showed urine glucose converted to 200 mg/dl, indi...
Dr. Xiao Yongxun Reply:
Dear Mr. Anonymous: 1. The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) results after a 12-hour fasting show fasting blood glucose: 102 mg/dl, 1 hour: 152 mg/dl, 2 hours: 122 mg/dl, and HbA1c: 5.3%. This result does not meet the criteria for a diabetes diagnosis. It can be classified as i...[Read More] Understanding Prediabetes Symptoms: Insights from Military Health Exams
Chronic Kidney Disease (Membranous): Treatment, Management, and Concerns
Chronic Kidney Disease (Membranous) Is chronic glomerulonephritis (membranous) always destined to require dialysis in the end? If treatment and management are ongoing, what should be noted in daily life? Will conditions like cold, fever, blood tests for creatinine, and albuminuri...
Dr. Wang Weijie Reply:
Hello, for membranous nephropathy (chronic nephritis), it is recommended to identify the underlying causes, manage diet, proteinuria, and blood pressure. Dialysis may not be inevitable. It is advised to follow up at a nephrology clinic for further consultation. Wishing you peace ...[Read More] Chronic Kidney Disease (Membranous): Treatment, Management, and Concerns
Understanding Fatigue: Causes and Solutions for Persistent Weakness
Generalized weakness? Hello, Dr. Hsiao! I am 19 years old and have a normal sleep schedule of about 8 hours. I wake up feeling well-rested, but after a while, I start to feel fatigued again. Taking a nap in the afternoon helps somewhat, but I still feel tired shortly after. Recen...
Dr. Xiao Yongxun Reply:
Dear Ms. Anonymous: 1. Fatigue is something that almost everyone experiences at some point in their lives, and most diseases can cause fatigue. Typically, fatigue is temporary, self-limiting, and the primary cause can often be identified. Based on the nature of the causes, fati...[Read More] Understanding Fatigue: Causes and Solutions for Persistent Weakness
Understanding Abdominal Distension: Causes and Concerns for Women
The abdomen feels bloated, and there is discomfort when pressure is applied? Recently, I have noticed a sudden increase in the size of my lower abdomen. As a naturally slim woman, my abdomen used to be completely flat, but now it appears more protruded than before. When I have a ...
Dr. Xiao Yongxun Reply:
Dear Lulu: 1. There are many causes of abdominal discomfort, which are often difficult to diagnose. However, symptoms that physicians tend to pay more attention to include fever and chills, nausea and vomiting, belching and bloating, dry mouth, diarrhea, hematemesis, melena, we...[Read More] Understanding Abdominal Distension: Causes and Concerns for Women
Understanding Body Immunity After Fever: What to Expect?
Body immunity after a fever? Hello Dr. Liao, I would like to ask you a question. Generally, when we get sick, it is due to a weakened immune system that allows viruses or bacteria to invade. After becoming ill, the antibodies in the body fight against the viruses or bacteria, whi...
Dr. Liao Zhongxin Reply:
Dear readers: Regarding <Body Resistance After Fever> A: 1. Generally, healthy individuals (aged over 15 and under 65) have a more mature immune system, making them less susceptible to infections from external pathogens. Other age groups may be more prone to illness if they...[Read More] Understanding Body Immunity After Fever: What to Expect?
Understanding Post-Meal Blood Sugar Levels: 1 Hour vs 2 Hours
Blood glucose levels one hour and two hours after meals? Doctor, is it normal for blood sugar levels to be higher one hour after eating compared to two hours after eating? If I measure my blood sugar and find that my two-hour post-meal level is higher than my one-hour level, what...
Dr. Xiao Yongxun Reply:
1. Generally, blood sugar levels rise gradually after meals, peaking two hours postprandially, and then gradually decline. If high-sugar or high-calorie foods are consumed, and there is sufficient insulin secretion in the body, blood sugar levels may spike rapidly; in some cases,...[Read More] Understanding Post-Meal Blood Sugar Levels: 1 Hour vs 2 Hours
Understanding Blood Sugar Management: Key Indicators and Medication Options
Blood sugar issues Dear Dr. Hsiao, I have been concerned about my blood sugar levels since my health check in 2004, when my fasting blood glucose was 100. I only started medication in 2015, but my weight has decreased from my usual 38 kg to the current 34 kg. For the past ten ye...
Dr. Xiao Yongxun Reply:
1. For a 65-year-old diabetic patient, a fasting blood glucose level of 155 mg/dL, a postprandial blood glucose level of 169 mg/dL two hours after eating, and a hemoglobin A1c level of 6.6% indicate relatively good control. Each of these values carries individual significance, an...[Read More] Understanding Blood Sugar Management: Key Indicators and Medication Options
Understanding Immune System Issues in Atopic Dermatitis Management
Questions about the immune system? Hello Dr. Gao: I would like to ask a question. I have atopic dermatitis, which was relatively well-controlled for a while, but in the past few months, it has been recurring frequently, improving and then flaring up again. I have seen a doctor, b...
Dr. Gao Jiankai Reply:
Hello, thank you for your question. Atopic dermatitis is indeed an issue related to the immune system, which is sensitive to stress and lifestyle habits. Therefore, even with medication and topical treatments, atopic dermatitis may still exhibit fluctuations in severity. On the o...[Read More] Understanding Immune System Issues in Atopic Dermatitis Management
Understanding Cholesterol: Debunking Myths for Diabetics
Cholesterol issues Hello Dr. Hsiao: I have diabetes, and my total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides are all elevated. Both my doctor and diabetes health literature suggest that I should not consume too many high-cholesterol foods. However, I came across an article o...
Dr. Xiao Yongxun Reply:
1. Essentially, there are many articles online with a diverse theoretical foundation; although they have their sources and basis, I prefer not to comment on them personally. 2. According to current research reports, the sources of cholesterol indeed include dietary intake and e...[Read More] Understanding Cholesterol: Debunking Myths for Diabetics
Impact of Diet and Liver Function on Cholesterol Levels: Key Insights
High cholesterol and liver enzymes? Hello, Doctor. I apologize for the interruption, but I would like to ask a question. I had an all-you-can-eat barbecue a few days before my health check, where I consumed seafood and organ meats. Additionally, I had a lot of seafood about ten d...
Dr. Zeng Guosen Reply:
Hello, it is possible that you have fatty liver disease. I recommend visiting a gastroenterologist for differential diagnosis of liver function abnormalities. Thanks.[Read More] Impact of Diet and Liver Function on Cholesterol Levels: Key Insights
Understanding Leg Swelling: Causes and When to Seek Help
Similar to edema? Hello, for the past two days, my calves have been unusually swollen and painful when pressed. This occurs after dinner and after taking a shower before going to bed, but in the morning, everything seems fine. What could be the cause of this?
Dr. Xiao Yongxun Reply:
1. There are many causes of lower extremity edema; common ones include poor venous return, heart failure, cirrhosis, impaired kidney function, excessive salt intake, certain medications, and pregnancy, among others. Rare causes may include tumors, lymphatic obstruction, and paras...[Read More] Understanding Leg Swelling: Causes and When to Seek Help