Risk of Infection from Hair Removal Without Gloves: What You Need to Know
The risk of infection when hair removal technicians do not wear gloves? Hello, the beautician did not wear gloves while using a disposable razor for hair removal and used their hands to remove the shaved hair from the area. I did not see any blood on my skin and did not feel any ...
Dr. Liao Zhongxin Reply:
1. The transmission routes of HIV include sexual intercourse, sharing needles for drug use, and improper wound care. 2. In addition to beauticians, barbers also face similar concerns; if there are no large wounds after hair removal, the risk of infection is generally low. Howev...[Read More] Risk of Infection from Hair Removal Without Gloves: What You Need to Know
Understanding Complement Levels and Autoimmune Disease Concerns Post-COVID
Complement inquiry? Hello Doctor, I previously asked a question and now I would like to follow up. After being diagnosed with COVID-19 on November 11, I experienced joint swelling, stiffness, discomfort, as well as dry, red, swollen eyes, rashes, and hair loss. After researching ...
Dr. Gao Jiankai Reply:
Hello, thank you for your question. Here are my responses: 1. I would like to ask if a decrease of 20 and 10 in the values of two complement components over a two-week period is normal. The doctor mentioned that different hospitals may report different values, but I am unsure i...[Read More] Understanding Complement Levels and Autoimmune Disease Concerns Post-COVID
Understanding Complement Levels and Autoimmune Disease Concerns Post-COVID
Complement inquiry? Hello Doctor, I have previously asked a question and now I would like to follow up. After being diagnosed with COVID-19 on November 11, I experienced joint swelling, stiffness, discomfort, as well as dry, red, swollen eyes, rashes, and hair loss. After researc...
Dr. Gao Jiankai Reply:
Hello, thank you for your question. Here are my responses: 1. I would like to ask if a decrease of 20 and 10 in two complement values over a two-week period is normal. The doctor mentioned that different hospitals may have varying values, but I am unsure if this drop is signifi...[Read More] Understanding Complement Levels and Autoimmune Disease Concerns Post-COVID
Understanding Urethral Bumps: Are They STD or Just Sebaceous Cysts?
Urological issues Hello doctor, I would like to ask you about a small, inconspicuous white bump near the urethral opening of the glans. It is not easily observable, does not hurt, and there are no noticeable sensations. Additionally, there seems to be an increase in the number of...
Dr. Zeng Guosen Reply:
Based on your description, it seems that it is not caused by a sexually transmitted infection or masturbation. I recommend consulting a urologist for a proper diagnosis. Please avoid self-medicating. Thank you for your question.[Read More] Understanding Urethral Bumps: Are They STD or Just Sebaceous Cysts?
Understanding HIV Testing Accuracy with Concurrent Hepatitis C Infection
HIV testing issues Hello doctor, if a person is co-infected with HIV and Hepatitis C, and has not taken any treatment for Hepatitis C or antiretroviral therapy, is the HIV test still accurate after a 3-month window period? I have come across information online suggesting that Hep...
Dr. Lin Wufu Reply:
Previous literature suggested that infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) might prolong the window period for HIV, hence it was recommended to monitor for up to one year. However, if you have recently tested negative for HCV, then there is no concern for HCV, and the window perio...[Read More] Understanding HIV Testing Accuracy with Concurrent Hepatitis C Infection
Understanding HIV and Hepatitis C Testing: Key Questions Answered
HIV-related issues Hello, doctor. I would like to ask you the following questions: 1. I used the Abbott fourth-generation HIV rapid test on days 99 and 117 after potential exposure, and both results were negative. Additionally, I had no risk behaviors within the 117 days. Can I...
Dr. Lin Wufu Reply:
1. According to the current follow-up recommendations, it is advisable to monitor for 2. The window period for Hepatitis C can last up to 6 months, so it is generally recommended to follow up for a duration of six months.[Read More] Understanding HIV and Hepatitis C Testing: Key Questions Answered
Understanding Post-Hospitalization Redness After Cellulitis Treatment
Cellulitis Hello, my dad is about 56 years old and was hospitalized for a week due to cellulitis in his lower leg, which caused a fever. He has been discharged for two days now, and while his leg no longer hurts, it is still red. What could be the reason for this?
Dr. Lin Wufu Reply:
Hello, the most common reason is swelling after an infection, which usually subsides gradually when lying down with the affected area elevated. However, if you stand or walk for a long time, the redness and swelling may return. This is related to poor blood circulation following ...[Read More] Understanding Post-Hospitalization Redness After Cellulitis Treatment
Understanding Human T-Lymphotropic Virus: What Your Positive Test Means
Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) Hello doctor, I have been consistently donating blood and have done so 12 times. The reports for the first 11 times were normal, but this time the blood donation report tested positive for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV). My 11th donation was i...
Dr. Liao Zhongxin Reply:
1. What is a "Human T-lymphotropic virus" (HTLV) carrier? Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), primarily classified into HTLV-I and HTLV-II, is screened for antibodies at blood donation centers using enzyme immunoassays. Individuals who test positive for HTLV antibodies t...[Read More] Understanding Human T-Lymphotropic Virus: What Your Positive Test Means
Understanding HIV Transmission Risks: Your Concerns Addressed
HIV transmission issues Hello Doctor: I am very afraid of HIV. I get scared when I see blood and worry that I might accidentally get infected. Today, while drinking water at home, I noticed a small red mark on my water bottle that looked like dried blood. I had to scrape hard to ...
Dr. Liao Zhongxin Reply:
HIV has three main routes of transmission: 1. Sexual transmission: Engaging in oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse without a condom with an HIV-infected individual or exchanging other bodily fluids carries a risk of infection. 2. Blood transmission: (1) Receiving or coming into co...[Read More] Understanding HIV Transmission Risks: Your Concerns Addressed
Can You Get HIV from Blood Tests? Understanding the Risks Involved
Is it possible to contract HIV during the blood draw process? Hello, doctor. Thank you for taking the time to answer my question despite your busy schedule. Yesterday morning, I went to a nearby medical laboratory to have my blood tested because I was concerned about my blood sug...
Dr. Liao Zhongxin Reply:
HIV has three main routes of transmission: 1. Sexual transmission: Engaging in oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse without a condom with an HIV-infected individual or exchanging other bodily fluids carries a risk of infection. 2. Blood transmission: (1) Receiving or coming into co...[Read More] Can You Get HIV from Blood Tests? Understanding the Risks Involved
Understanding HIV Testing: Key Questions and Answers for Patients
HIV testing issues? 1. I used the Abbott HIV fourth-generation rapid test on day 90 and day 99 after a high-risk exposure, and both tests were negative. Additionally, I had no risk behaviors during these 99 days. Can I be certain that I have ruled out the risk of infection? 2. A...
Dr. Lin Wufu Reply:
Hello, 1. Currently, if using a fourth-generation rapid test, a negative result at four months can essentially rule out HIV infection. Therefore, a negative result at 99 days may still carry a very low probability of encountering an extended window period (though this is also e...[Read More] Understanding HIV Testing: Key Questions and Answers for Patients
Needle Stick Injury: When to Seek Medical Attention and Which Specialist to Consult
Needle puncture issues Hello, Doctor. I accidentally pricked my finger with a needle while disposing of it in a sharps container. Later, I felt a slight tingling sensation, but there were no visible signs of injury or significant bleeding. I'm concerned that it might be a ps...
Dr. Liao Zhongxin Reply:
1. Consultation and examination can be scheduled with Infectious Disease, Family Medicine, or Emergency Medicine. 2. Follow-up appointments are scheduled at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months.[Read More] Needle Stick Injury: When to Seek Medical Attention and Which Specialist to Consult
Can You Contract HIV from Shaving Cuts? Understanding the Risks
HIV transmission routes (abrasions) 1. If you accidentally cut the skin around your eyebrows while using an eyebrow razor that has been contaminated with HIV-infected blood, there is a potential risk of HIV transmission. However, the risk is considered to be very low, as HIV does...
Dr. Liao Zhongxin Reply:
1. If it is a personal item, there is a potential risk of HIV infection. 2. If it is a shared item, there is still a possibility of contracting HIV, so it is recommended to consult and get tested at a nearby medical facility.[Read More] Can You Contract HIV from Shaving Cuts? Understanding the Risks
Can Handling Snails Lead to Guangdong Blood Fluke Infection?
Touching a snail that is eating does not directly lead to a risk of parasitic infection. However, snails can carry parasites, such as those that cause schistosomiasis, which can be transmitted to humans through contact with contaminated water or soil. It is important to practice ...
Dr. Liao Zhongxin Reply:
1. Infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis is unlikely; it typically requires the consumption of raw snails and occurs in individuals with compromised immune systems. 2. If experiencing symptoms such as fever, headache, or diarrhea, seek medical consultation and testing at a...[Read More] Can Handling Snails Lead to Guangdong Blood Fluke Infection?
Risk of HIV Transmission from Sharing Ice Cream with an Infected Person
The risk of transmission when sharing a bowl of ice with a person living with HIV? Hello doctor, I would like to ask if there is a risk of infection if I shared a bowl of ice with someone who is HIV positive. They had their wisdom teeth removed two days ago, and I am not sure if ...
Dr. Liao Zhongxin Reply:
According to the disease control tree data, there are three main routes of HIV transmission: 1. Sexual transmission: Engaging in oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse or other exchanges of bodily fluids with an HIV-infected individual carries a risk of infection. 2. Blood transmissi...[Read More] Risk of HIV Transmission from Sharing Ice Cream with an Infected Person
Risk of HIV Infection from Contact with Dried Blood: What You Need to Know
HIV infection Hello, Doctor: If there is a scratch on my leg (suspected to be bleeding) that comes into contact with a blood stain on a bedsheet (approximately within a small square area of 1cm x 1cm) and the affected area (the scratched area) is in contact with the blood stain w...
Dr. Liao Zhongxin Reply:
According to the Centers for Disease Control data, there are three main routes of HIV transmission: 1. Sexual transmission: Engaging in oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse or other exchanges of bodily fluids with an HIV-infected individual carries the risk of infection. 2. Blood t...[Read More] Risk of HIV Infection from Contact with Dried Blood: What You Need to Know
The Connection Between Eclampsia and Immunology in Pregnancy
The relationship between eclampsia and immunology, rheumatology, and allergy is complex. Eclampsia, a severe complication of pregnancy characterized by seizures, is primarily associated with preeclampsia, a condition involving high blood pressure and organ dysfunction. While ecla...
Dr. Gao Jiankai Reply:
Hello, thank you for your question. Women with a history of preeclampsia or eclampsia do have an increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases, particularly lupus. Therefore, this is not only a precaution for potential future pregnancies but also relates to your overall health...[Read More] The Connection Between Eclampsia and Immunology in Pregnancy
Understanding Lung Shadows on X-rays: What You Need to Know
The chest X-ray shows shadows in the lungs? Last week, I received a notice for military service medical examination. After undergoing a physical check-up and an X-ray, I was informed today that there is a shadow in the lower left lung. Since I have to wait until next week for a f...
Dr. Cai Mingsong Reply:
Lung X-ray shadows may be due to pulmonary nodules, vascular issues, lung infections, or other multiple causes. It is advisable to return to the original hospital for a chest CT scan to determine the underlying cause. Follow-up with a pulmonology outpatient clinic is recommended.[Read More] Understanding Lung Shadows on X-rays: What You Need to Know
Common Questions About HIV Saliva Rapid Testing Explained
Questions about HIV rapid testing? Hello Doctor, I purchased an HIV saliva rapid test two days ago, and the result was negative. I have a few questions about the process, and I would appreciate your help. If there is insufficient sample collection on the test stick, will the C li...
Dr. Liao Zhongxin Reply:
The accuracy of the HIV saliva screening test is as high as 99%. The sample is collected by gently scraping the gums with a collection swab, and results can be interpreted in about 20 to 30 minutes, making it both convenient and quick. However, saliva testing still has a window p...[Read More] Common Questions About HIV Saliva Rapid Testing Explained
Understanding HIV Testing Results: A Journey Through Two Pregnancies
I tested positive for HIV three years ago when I had my first child (my second child). The first test was positive, while the second test was negative? Three years ago, I had two children. The first pregnancy tested positive in March 2019, and the second in October 2020, both bei...
Dr. Liao Zhongxin Reply:
1. The first question is whether an HIV-positive baby has been born. If so, at least one parent must be an HIV-infected individual, and regardless of whether the initial test result is negative or positive, a confirmatory test must be conducted at a hospital. 2. What is the pur...[Read More] Understanding HIV Testing Results: A Journey Through Two Pregnancies