Urine, Internal Medicine FAQ

Understanding Proteinuria, Hematuria, and GFR: When to Seek Medical Help

Proteinuria, hematuria, glomerular filtration rate? Hello Dr. Huang, I would like to ask about my last health check-up in January. The report indicated several areas in red: urine occult blood 1+, urine protein 30 mg/dL, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 83. Is this serious? W...

Dr. Huang Yaoxuan Reply:
1. It does not appear to be very serious; the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 83, with a normal range of approximately 90 (measured in ml/min/1.73m²). A higher value is better; urine occult blood is 1+, and urine protein is 30 mg/dl, both of which are mildly abnormal. 2. Re...

Understanding Weight Loss and Side Effects of Forxiga and Olmetec

Rapid weight loss Hello doctor, on March 30th, my physician prescribed me Forxiga 10mg for weight loss. On April 5th, I returned for a check-up due to discomfort near my heart, and an ECG showed normal results, but my blood pressure was 155/101. The doctor asked if I wanted to tr...

Dr. Huang Yaoxuan Reply:
1. Do you know what Forxiga 10mg is (what it does)? Are there any precautions to take when using this medication? It is a new type of antidiabetic medication (approved by the FDA in the United States), which lowers blood sugar levels and can also lead to weight loss. Some physici...

Concerns About HIV Transmission from Contaminated Floors and Shoes

Floor and shoe sole Hello: I work in a pathology lab where specimens often result in blood or bodily fluids dripping onto the floor. After handling specimens, I walk back to the adjacent office and am concerned that HIV in the bodily fluids on the floor could be brought back to t...

Dr. Liao Zhongxin Reply:
Dear readers, 1. The following are legally mandated infectious diseases that can be transmitted through contact: Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, rabies, anthrax, glanders, leptospirosis, tetanus, neonatal tetanus, scabies, pediculosis, leprosy, cat scratch fever, tularemia, ...

Understanding the Causes of Elevated Creatinine Levels in Lupus Patients

Causes of elevated creatinine levels? I have systemic lupus erythematosus, which was diagnosed in 2009. At that time, my serum creatinine level was 4.4. After receiving steroid treatment, it decreased to 2.5. I have since been under the care of rheumatology and nephrology. Howeve...

Dr. Lin Peifeng Reply:
The provided information is limited. Lupus nephritis can cause six types of pathological changes in the kidneys, some of which are acute changes. In such cases, the use of stronger immunosuppressants and corticosteroids may improve some kidney function. However, if the changes ar...

Unexplained Pain: Understanding Your Sleep Disruptions and Kidney Issues

Unable to comprehend, unsure of what strange illness it is? I wake up every time, regardless of when I fall asleep, after about 1-2 hours due to the urge to urinate and dull pain in my left lower back. It's not severe pain, but it's enough to prevent me from falling bac...

Dr. Li Zhiyao Reply:
Hello: Please visit the urology department in person, as remote consultations are not possible.

Understanding White Particles in Urine: Is It Normal?

Urine with suspended particles? Hello Doctor, I am 155 cm tall and currently weigh 57 kg. During my recent urine tests, I noticed that my urine has a whitish sediment. Is this normal? Also, is my uric acid level high? Here are the results from my most recent urine test: Blood Ure...

Dr. Wu Jiyu Reply:
Hello, based on the information you provided, most of the results appear to be normal. However, some aspects of the urinalysis (such as the microscopic examination) were not listed, making it difficult to assess. If you continue to notice any suspended particles, you should consu...

Understanding Urine Ketones: What Does +/- Mean for Your Health?

Urine ketones +/- means that ketones are either present or absent in the urine. The "+" indicates the presence of ketones, while the "-" indicates their absence? This year, as a junior, I just received my health check results and found that my urine ketones we...

Dr. Wu Jiyu Reply:
Hello, when the human body is in a prolonged fasting state, it produces ketone bodies, which can be excreted in the urine and may show a positive result. If the ketone bodies are present in trace amounts, the urine test may indicate a weak positive (+/-), meaning that while they ...

Understanding Incomplete Urination: Causes and Solutions

The small intestine is not clean? I often feel like I can't fully empty my bladder when I urinate. After finishing, there always seems to be some residual urine stuck in the urethra, and I have to shake a bit to completely finish.

Dr. Xiao Yongxun Reply:
Dear Mr. Jie: 1. If you do not experience frequent urination (more than 7 times a day under normal circumstances), nocturia, urgency, difficulty urinating, painful urination, burning sensation, hematuria, foul-smelling urine, or discomfort in the lower abdomen, your symptoms sh...

Can You Drink Unsweetened Soy Milk Daily with High Uric Acid?

Gout and Soy Milk Hello, Doctor Gao. I would like to ask if it is okay for me to drink a cup of unsweetened soy milk (about 250cc) for breakfast every day, considering my fasting blood test showed a uric acid level of 7.7 (with the upper limit of the normal range being 7.6). Than...

Dr. Gao Jiankai Reply:
Hello, thank you for your question. Currently, high-purine foods from vegetables, including legumes or related products and mushrooms, do not have an impact on individuals with gout or hyperuricemia! If you have never had a history of joint pain, the effect of high-purine vegetab...

Understanding Prediabetes Symptoms: Insights from Military Health Exams

Pre-diabetic symptoms in military service medical examinations? Hello Doctor: I have a few questions for you. I am 23 years old, with a BMI of 18.6 and weighing 48 kg. Before my health check, I ate half a lunch box, and the report showed urine glucose converted to 200 mg/dl, indi...

Dr. Xiao Yongxun Reply:
Dear Mr. Anonymous: 1. The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) results after a 12-hour fasting show fasting blood glucose: 102 mg/dl, 1 hour: 152 mg/dl, 2 hours: 122 mg/dl, and HbA1c: 5.3%. This result does not meet the criteria for a diabetes diagnosis. It can be classified as i...

Managing Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Elderly Patients: A Guide

Urinary tract infection (UTI) Dear Dr. Wu, my grandmother is 92 years old and frequently suffers from urinary tract infections. She was previously hospitalized due to an infection that caused a fever, and the bacteria entered her bloodstream (bacteremia). After being hospitalized...

Dr. Wu Jiyu Reply:
Based on your inquiry, theoretically, the bacteremia caused by the urinary tract infection should have been resolved; otherwise, your grandmother would continue to have a fever. Regarding the urine test results from the second hospital indicating an infection index of 26-50, ther...

Understanding Proteinuria: Risks, Kidney Health, and Dietary Solutions

Kidney disease - Proteinuria I started noticing proteinuria about three years ago, as I often see bubbles in my urine that take a long time to dissipate. It seems that this is due to some issues with my kidneys. 1. I would like to ask if I continue to ignore this condition, is ...

Dr. Wu Jiyu Reply:
Based on your description of "often having bubbles when using the restroom," it is important to note that the presence of foam in urine does not automatically indicate proteinuria. The foamy appearance of urine is a reminder to consult a physician for further evaluation...

Understanding Kidney Function: GFR vs. Creatinine in Health Concerns

Glomerular filtration rate and kidney disease issues? Hello Dr. Wu: I am 180 cm tall and weigh about 71 kg. Recently, for the past month, I have noticed persistent bubbles in my urine and have experienced increased urinary frequency (especially 2-3 hours after consuming sugary dr...

Dr. Wu Jiyu Reply:
Based on the data you provided, the physician's response is correct because the current formula for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is derived from international sources, while domestic scholars have been researching a formula specific to our population. In summa...

Understanding BUN and Creatinine Levels for Kidney Function Assessment

Blood tests for kidney function indicators? If both BUN and creatinine levels in the blood test are within the normal range, does it indicate that kidney function is normal? Since the calculation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is in the first stage, does this have any re...

Dr. Wu Jiyu Reply:
To confirm normal kidney function, three tests must be normal: 1. Blood tests (BUN and Creatinine) 2. Urine tests (no hematuria, no proteinuria) 3. Ultrasound examination (no stones, no hydronephrosis...) Thank you for your inquiry, and the Nephrology Department of Changhua Hospi...

Understanding Kidney Function: GFR vs. Creatinine in Chronic Kidney Disease

Glomerular filtration rate and kidney disease issues? Hello Dr. Wu, I am 180 cm tall and weigh around 71 kg. Recently, for the past month, I have noticed persistent bubbles in my urine, and I feel that I have increased urinary frequency (especially 2-3 hours after consuming suga...

Dr. Wu Jiyu Reply:
Based on the data you provided, the physician's response is correct because the current formula for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is derived from international sources, while domestic scholars are researching a formula specific to our population. In summary, re...

Understanding Diabetes: Symptoms, Testing, and Risk Factors Explained

Diabetes concerns? Hello Dr. Lee: In the past month, I have noticed persistent bubbles in my urine and have experienced increased urinary frequency, especially 2 to 3 hours after consuming sugary drinks, along with nocturia. I am concerned about kidney disease or diabetes. Last w...

Dr. Li Zhiyao Reply:
Hello: It is recommended that you consult an endocrinologist for further examination to determine your current condition. As for the causes of diabetes, there are many factors beyond diet, including genetic factors, lifestyle, lack of exercise, and more. The endocrinologist will ...

Understanding Frequent Urination: Possible Causes and Solutions

Frequent urination issues? Hello, I would like to inquire! My father has been urinating very frequently in the past few months—about once every hour. This happens almost all day long! He went to the hospital for a check-up, and his prostate is normal, with no inflammation. What c...

Dr. Wu Jiyu Reply:
Regarding your inquiry, it does not mention the total daily urine volume. From an internal medicine perspective, we would first check for diabetes or diabetes insipidus. If those are ruled out, it is advisable to consult a urologist. If prostate issues have been excluded, then co...

Understanding Oil Layer on Urine: Causes and Health Implications

The urine has a layer of oil? Hello doctor, I would like to ask about a sensation I have when urinating, where there seems to be a layer of floating oil, but I don't feel any discomfort. In previous examinations, they said everything was fine, but it has been several years, ...

Dr. Li Zhiyao Reply:
Hello: It is recommended that you undergo a routine urinalysis (avoiding the menstrual period) to determine if there are any abnormalities.

Impact of Total Kidney Removal: What to Expect and Consider

The impact of bilateral nephrectomy on the human body? Hello Doctor, my father had one kidney removed a few years ago due to a kidney tumor. Now, there are issues with his remaining kidney. If the only remaining kidney is also removed, will he have to rely on dialysis? Are there ...

Dr. Wu Jiyu Reply:
Based on your inquiry, your father may face the possibility of needing to have his other kidney removed as well. In my clinical practice, I have indeed encountered patients who required lifelong dialysis due to bilateral nephrectomy. Thanks to advancements in modern medicine, ind...

Understanding Kidney Health: Common Concerns and Diagnostic Tests Explained

How are kidney blood and urine tests conducted, and are there any issues to be aware of? In mid-October, I had blood tests, urine tests, and X-rays done at the nephrology department. The reports came back normal. 1. However, I notice that my urine has bubbles that disappear in ...

Dr. Wu Jiyu Reply:
1. Based on the report you provided, it can only be roughly determined that there is no proteinuria, and it is not possible to fully confirm whether kidney function is normal (as there are no blood test results for creatinine and glomerular filtration rate provided). 2. Most cas...

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