Understanding How Cervical Cancer Develops: Key Risk Factors Explained
Cervical cancer What causes cervical cancer?
Dr. Chen Changfu Reply:
Recent clinical research reports have confirmed that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the primary carcinogenic factor for cervical cancer. HPV infection is mostly transmitted through sexual intercourse, making complex sexual partner behaviors significant risk factors. A hu...[Read More] Understanding How Cervical Cancer Develops: Key Risk Factors Explained
Understanding HPV Screening and Thin Prep Pap Smear Costs and Results
excuse me? Hello Doctor, I would like to inquire about the current price for HPV screening and ThinPrep Pap smear at the municipal hospital. Additionally, if both tests show no issues, does that mean the woman's uterus is 100% healthy? Thank you for your assistance.
Dr. Li Guanghan Reply:
Hello: 1. I only know the charges of this hospital, but this is a medical examination, not an online product. Please come for a consultation or consult a nearby obstetrician-gynecologist in your area. 2. The human papillomavirus (HPV) test checks for the presence of high-risk HPV...[Read More] Understanding HPV Screening and Thin Prep Pap Smear Costs and Results
Understanding Cervical Smear Tests: Does Self-Stimulation Count as Sexual Experience?
Sexual intercourse Hello Doctor: A classmate from middle school recently asked me a question, but since I am unmarried and have no sexual experience, I am unable to answer his question accurately. Therefore, I would like to ask the doctor: Regarding the Pap smear test, does the t...
Dr. Chen Changfu Reply:
Research has confirmed that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a causative factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. HPV infection primarily occurs through sexual intercourse; therefore, women with a history of sexual activity should undergo regular (annual) Pap smea...[Read More] Understanding Cervical Smear Tests: Does Self-Stimulation Count as Sexual Experience?
Understanding Cervical Cancer Vaccination: Age Limits and Effectiveness
About vaccines? Hello, Doctor: I would like to ask if the cervical cancer vaccine must be administered between the ages of 9 and 26 to be effective? (Does 9 to 26 refer to chronological age or actual age?) What is the effectiveness if administered after this age? I have read some...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei Reply:
The age range of 9 to 26 years refers to actual age. The infectivity of human papillomavirus (HPV) begins at age 9 and peaks around age 20. After age 26, the infectivity declines. Therefore, individuals over 26 years old who have no sexual experience should be eligible for vaccin...[Read More] Understanding Cervical Cancer Vaccination: Age Limits and Effectiveness
Managing Recurrent Vaginal Infections: Causes, Treatments, and Risks
Recurrent genital infections Hello Doctor, since I started having sexual intercourse after marriage, I have been experiencing recurrent infections. I usually have a milky white discharge, but after intercourse, the discharge often has a fishy odor and a cottage cheese-like consis...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei Reply:
If the discharge is a simple milky white, it is mostly indicative of a Candida infection. However, if there is a fishy odor, it may suggest the presence of two or more infections. Given that this has been ongoing for 13 years, it indicates that the medications used are likely to ...[Read More] Managing Recurrent Vaginal Infections: Causes, Treatments, and Risks
Understanding Women's Health: Cervical Cancer Risks and Related Conditions
excuse me? 1. I've heard that long-term vaginal discharge can increase the risk of cervical cancer. Is this true? 2. I have been suffering from chronic constipation and straining during bowel movements, which has led to gynecological issues. Additionally, I can't help...
Dr. Li Guanghan Reply:
1. The cause of cervical cancer has been established as infection with HPV (human papillomavirus) in the cervix, which leads to a prolonged process of lesions. The primary mode of transmission is through sexual intercourse, and there is little direct relation to vaginal secretion...[Read More] Understanding Women's Health: Cervical Cancer Risks and Related Conditions
Understanding Cervical Erosion Treatment: HPV Testing and Costs Explained
Treatment of Cervical Erosion Hello Dr. Lee: I just visited the clinic, and the doctor mentioned that I have cervical erosion and recommended electrocautery. However, I believe I should go to the hospital for more accurate testing. The doctor thinks it would be better to proceed ...
Dr. Li Guanghan Reply:
1. HPV testing is used to check for the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus that may cause cervical lesions or even cancer. While it is beneficial to have more tests done, the downside is that it can be an out-of-pocket expense. 2. Pap smears and HPV tests are different ty...[Read More] Understanding Cervical Erosion Treatment: HPV Testing and Costs Explained
Essential Pre-Pregnancy Considerations for Women with HPV History
About pregnancy? Hello Doctor, I would like to ask you another question. I previously had a genital wart infection, which was treated with electrosurgery, but my husband did not get infected and has undergone blood tests at the hospital to confirm that he is fine. We are currentl...
Dr. Chen Xuhui Reply:
Currently, there are no blood tests available for the diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 associated with genital warts. Diagnosis primarily relies on visual inspection or colposcopy. It is recommended that pregnant women undergo colposcopic examinations every ...[Read More] Essential Pre-Pregnancy Considerations for Women with HPV History
Post-Menopausal Care: HPV Testing and Premarin Usage Explained
Gynecological issues Hello, Director Chuang! My mother has had normal results for HPV tests for two consecutive years after menopause, and she has been getting Pap smears regularly every year. Should she continue to have HPV tests in the future? She has been using Premarin for 4 ...
Dr. Zhuang Zhijian Reply:
Hello, ma'am: Thank you for your inquiry. I would like to respond to your question and provide the following recommendations: It is important to continue having annual Pap smears as long as the results remain normal. As for the human papillomavirus (HPV), annual testing may ...[Read More] Post-Menopausal Care: HPV Testing and Premarin Usage Explained
Understanding HPV: Risks, Symptoms, and Screening Beyond Pap Tests
Papillomavirus? Is it true that only individuals who engage in sexual intercourse need to worry about contracting human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer? What exactly is defined as sexual intercourse—does it require ejaculation, penetration, or is rubbing also considered?...
Dr. Huang Jianxun Reply:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has many types, and there is a close association between cervical cancer and high-risk oncogenic HPV infections (please refer to the gynecological health education section on our hospital's website). Genital warts, also caused by HPV infection, can...[Read More] Understanding HPV: Risks, Symptoms, and Screening Beyond Pap Tests
Do You Need a Pap Smear If You’ve Never Had Sex?
Pap smear examination Hello: My friend was sexually abused as a child, and as an adult, she has not married and has not engaged in sexual intercourse. Does she need to have a Pap smear?
Dr. Li Guanghan Reply:
Hello: Cervical cancer is caused by long-term changes following infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Anyone who has had sexual intercourse may be at risk of contracting this virus, so it is recommended to undergo a Pap smear examination. Hsinchu City Hospital, Departmen...[Read More] Do You Need a Pap Smear If You’ve Never Had Sex?
Understanding Cryotherapy for Cervical Issues: Key Questions Answered
Cryotherapy Hello Doctor: I have been married for sixteen years. Recently, I underwent a Pap smear, and the results showed mild cervical dysplasia and abnormal discharge. I was prescribed Tidact, Naproxen, Aluzaine, and Basorlin for three days, but I felt very uncomfortable after...
Dr. Li Guanghan Reply:
Hello: 1. Sexual activity, vaginal medications, and vaginitis can all potentially affect Pap smear results. 2. The patient can visit a urologist for examination; generally, if there are no abnormalities, treatment is not necessary. 3. Using condoms can certainly reduce the risk o...[Read More] Understanding Cryotherapy for Cervical Issues: Key Questions Answered
Understanding Cervical Cancer: Latency Period and Transmission Insights
Regarding uterine cervical cancer? Hello Dr. Hsu, I would like to ask you the following two questions. Thank you for taking the time to answer them. 1. Is there a latency period for cervical cancer? If so, how long does it last? 2. The virus associated with cervical cancer is t...
Dr. Xu Junzheng Reply:
Hello Ms. Amanda: 1. Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection and cellular changes following infection with HPV (human papillomavirus). The process of HPV infection leading to cellular abnormalities and eventually cervical cancer is quite lengthy, taking approximately 7 ...[Read More] Understanding Cervical Cancer: Latency Period and Transmission Insights
Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Symptoms, Concerns, and Vaccination Queries
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Hello Dr. Lin, Q1: I had an abdominal ultrasound at an obstetrics and gynecology clinic on December 15, 2006. The doctor informed me that I have a higher number of follicles on my right side, and the diagnosis seems to be polycystic ovary syndrom...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei Reply:
1. The factors contributing to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) include being overweight, elevated levels of male hormones, and individual constitution, which can affect ovulation and lead to irregular menstruation or infertility issues. It is advisable not to go too long without...[Read More] Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Symptoms, Concerns, and Vaccination Queries
Understanding Cauliflower Warts: Men's Risk and Testing Options
Is it difficult for cauliflower ear to develop in men? I recently found out that I have mild genital warts, but my boyfriend hasn't shown any symptoms. A doctor mentioned that even if men have it, it's less likely to be visible, but once it develops, it can become serio...
Dr. Li Guanghan Reply:
Hello: Genital warts (condylomata acuminata) are not visible to the naked eye during the incubation period, for both men and women. This is a disease caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), and currently, there is no blood test available for diagnosis. Hsinchu Hospital, Departm...[Read More] Understanding Cauliflower Warts: Men's Risk and Testing Options
Unusual Growth in the Perineum: What Could It Be?
There is something unusual growing in the perineal area.. >_< Hello, doctor. I have a question that has been bothering me for a long time, and I would like to ask for your opinion. I am a 30-year-old unmarried female with a history of vaginal yeast infections. I am not preg...
Dr. Huang Jianxun Reply:
Hello: Based on your description, it is likely that you have condyloma acuminatum caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. If it grows more abundantly, it is commonly referred to as "cauliflower." Sincerely, Dr. Huang Jian-Hsun, Obstetrics and Gynecology.[Read More] Unusual Growth in the Perineum: What Could It Be?
Should You Get an Ultrasound for Suspected Ovulatory Bleeding?
If ovulatory bleeding is suspected, should an ultrasound be performed? Hello, Doctor. Last month, I noticed brown spotting between my menstrual cycles. Four to five years ago, I had similar symptoms, and the doctor diagnosed it as ovulatory bleeding, so I didn't pay much att...
Dr. Li Guanghan Reply:
Hello: I believe that every physician's recommendation for a patient to undergo any examination is based on sound reasoning. Of course, patients also have the right to inquire whether an additional test should be performed, and I think your physician would be happy to discus...[Read More] Should You Get an Ultrasound for Suspected Ovulatory Bleeding?
Understanding Brown to Yellow Discharge: Causes and Concerns in Women's Health
Brown to yellow discharge I often have colored vaginal discharge. In the past, when I consulted a doctor, they mentioned it could be ovulatory bleeding, which can appear as brown, black, or red discharge, lasting more than three days and sometimes up to a week. This has been happ...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei Reply:
1. In the absence of sexual intercourse, infections are mostly caused by fungi or anaerobic bacteria, leading to infectious vaginitis. 2. Fungal infections typically present as white, cottage cheese-like discharge, while anaerobic bacterial infections often appear yellow. If oral...[Read More] Understanding Brown to Yellow Discharge: Causes and Concerns in Women's Health
Can Cervical Inflammation and HPV Infection Be Cured? Key Insights for Women
Can cervical inflammation be cured? Will an infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) resolve on its own? Dear Doctor: Last month, I underwent a Pap smear, and the results indicated cervical inflammation, but there were no cellular abnormalities. However, the human papillomavirus...
Dr. Li Guanghan Reply:
Hello: 1. Infections caused by bacteria, Trichomonas, and Candida can be cured, while Human Papillomavirus (HPV) may not necessarily be curable. 2. Currently, there is no specific medication for HPV; about 80% of cases resolve spontaneously, while 20% may progress to cervical cel...[Read More] Can Cervical Inflammation and HPV Infection Be Cured? Key Insights for Women
Persistent Vaginal Wounds: Seeking Solutions for HPV and Pain Relief
Lateral vaginal lacerations? Hello, I am 28 years old and have sexual experience. In 2002, I developed redness and swelling around the vaginal opening, which was diagnosed by a doctor as a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. I was instructed to soak in a sitz bath daily and app...
Dr. Li Guanghan Reply:
Hello: Please come to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at our hospital for a consultation. Hsinchu Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.[Read More] Persistent Vaginal Wounds: Seeking Solutions for HPV and Pain Relief