Dietary Guidelines for Children with Hyperthyroidism: What to Avoid

Q: Dietary Guidelines for Children with Hyperthyroidism: What to Avoid

Hello： There are two main types of foods to avoid. <br>First, foods high in iodine, such as kelp, kombu, and nori. <br>Second, stimulating foods, such as caffeinated beverages like coffee and tea. <br>When eating out, it's important to also avoid these two types of foods. <br>Leg

Thyroid issues in children

Hello Doctor, my 10-year-old son was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism after a blood test yesterday.
He started taking Methimazole 5mg/tablet and Propranolol 10mg/tablet, one tablet after breakfast and dinner.
I would like to know what dietary restrictions should be observed for a 10-year-old child.
How can we avoid issues when eating out? Are soy products permissible? There are many conflicting opinions online, so I need clarification.
Can he take children's vitamins? One of the ingredients contains Iodine 150mcg; is that the same as iodine? Is it safe to consume? Thank you for your patience, and thank you!

Dì fēn nī, 40~49 year old female. Ask Date: 2016/11/25

Dr. Hong Yuanbin reply Internal Medicine

Hello: There are two main types of foods to avoid.
First, foods high in iodine, such as kelp, kombu, and nori.
Second, stimulating foods, such as caffeinated beverages like coffee and tea.
When eating out, it's important to also avoid these two types of foods.
Legumes generally do not have an impact unless there is an allergy, in which case they should be avoided.
If vitamins contain iodine, they should not be used; instead, choose iodine-free vitamins.
Table salt may contain a small amount of iodine, but the quantity is low enough that it should not cause any issues.
Wishing you a speedy recovery, and thank you for your question.

Reply Date: 2016/11/25

More Info

When managing a child diagnosed with hyperthyroidism, dietary considerations are crucial to support their health and treatment. Hyperthyroidism, characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, can lead to various symptoms and complications if not properly managed. Your son, being 10 years old and starting treatment with Methimazole and Propranolol, requires careful dietary planning to avoid exacerbating his condition.

Foods to Avoid
1. High Iodine Foods: One of the primary dietary restrictions for children with hyperthyroidism is the avoidance of foods high in iodine. Iodine is a key component in the production of thyroid hormones, and excessive intake can worsen hyperthyroidism. Foods to avoid include:
- Seaweed (such as kelp, nori, and dulse)
- Fish and shellfish
- Dairy products (in moderation, as they can also contain iodine)
- Iodized salt
2. Caffeine and Stimulants: Foods and beverages that contain caffeine can stimulate the thyroid and exacerbate symptoms such as anxiety, restlessness, and increased heart rate. Avoid:
- Coffee
- Tea (especially black and green tea)
- Chocolate
- Energy drinks
3. Processed Foods: Many processed foods contain hidden sources of iodine and other stimulants. It's best to limit:
- Fast food
- Packaged snacks
- Processed meats

Eating Out
When dining out, it can be challenging to control the ingredients in meals. Here are some tips to help avoid problematic foods:
- Communicate: Inform the restaurant staff about dietary restrictions. Ask about the ingredients in dishes and request modifications if necessary.

- Choose Wisely: Opt for grilled or steamed dishes rather than fried or heavily seasoned options. Salads with simple dressings (like olive oil and vinegar) can be a good choice.

- Avoid Buffets: Buffets can be risky as they often contain high-iodine foods and processed items.

Legumes and Other Foods
Regarding legumes, they are generally safe for children with hyperthyroidism unless there is a specific allergy. Beans, lentils, and peas can provide essential nutrients and protein without significantly impacting thyroid function. They are also a good source of fiber, which can aid in digestion.

Vitamins and Supplements
As for vitamins, it is essential to check the labels carefully. If a vitamin supplement contains iodine (as indicated by "iodine" or "iodide" in the ingredients), it should be avoided. The 150 mcg of iodine you mentioned is indeed a concern, as it can contribute to thyroid hormone production. Instead, look for multivitamins specifically labeled as "iodine-free."

Conclusion
In summary, for your son with hyperthyroidism, it is vital to avoid high-iodine foods, stimulants, and processed items. Focus on a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins while being cautious with supplements. Regular consultations with a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian can provide personalized dietary advice and ensure that your child receives adequate nutrition while managing their condition effectively. Always prioritize open communication with your healthcare team to adapt dietary guidelines as needed based on your child's health status and treatment progress.

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