Thumb Joint Pain: Causes, Treatments, and Prevention

Pain in the interphalangeal joint of the thumb?

I would like to inquire about pain in the interphalangeal joint of my right thumb.
Sometimes it hurts when it comes into contact with hard objects (specifically on the nail side), for example, when the handle of scissors hits the joint (it seems to hurt only at certain angles).
I noticed this pain a few months ago, and about a month ago, the frequency of pain increased.
When I tested the painful area on my thumb, pressing the thumb towards the palm caused pain along the entire thumb tendon.
I visited an orthopedic doctor and had an X-ray taken, which showed no abnormalities.
The doctor suggested it was due to overuse and prescribed anti-inflammatory ointment.
After that, I tried to use my left hand more at work, but due to the nature of my job, I often have to use my dominant hand.

Currently, the condition of my hand is as follows:
1.
The interphalangeal joint of my thumb still hurts when using older-style mobile phones, PDA buttons, and when pressing clothespins for a period of time.
2.
There is mild pain in the flexor pollicis brevis muscle, possibly due to excessive force used while locking things at work recently.
Should I continue using the anti-inflammatory ointment and monitor the situation? Is it advisable to purchase a thumb brace or similar protective gear?

Niming, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2022/05/26

Dr. Li Yanheng reply Rehabilitation

A thumb brace can be used for protection and to reduce usage, in conjunction with rehabilitation and medication treatment for approximately 3-6 weeks.
If pain persists, other treatment options such as injection therapy may be considered.

Reply Date: 2022/05/26

More Info

Thumb joint pain can be a common issue, especially for individuals who frequently use their hands for various tasks. In your case, it seems that the pain in your thumb joint, particularly when it comes into contact with hard objects or during certain movements, could be attributed to overuse or strain. This is often seen in individuals who engage in repetitive activities that require gripping or pinching, such as using tools or typing.

Causes of Thumb Joint Pain
1. Overuse Injuries: Repetitive motions can lead to inflammation in the tendons and joints of the thumb. This is often referred to as "de Quervain's tenosynovitis," which affects the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist.

2. Arthritis: Osteoarthritis can develop in the thumb joint, leading to pain, swelling, and decreased range of motion. This is more common in older adults but can occur in younger individuals as well.

3. Injury: A previous injury to the thumb, even if it seemed minor, can lead to lingering pain or discomfort. This could include sprains or strains that may not have healed completely.

4. Nerve Compression: Conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome can cause pain that radiates to the thumb and fingers, often accompanied by tingling or numbness.

Treatment Options
1. Rest and Activity Modification: It’s crucial to give your thumb a break from activities that exacerbate the pain. Since you mentioned that you have been trying to use your left hand more, continue to do so whenever possible.

2. Ice Therapy: Applying ice to the affected area can help reduce inflammation and numb the pain. Aim for 15-20 minutes of ice application several times a day.

3. Anti-inflammatory Medications: Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen can help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation. However, it’s important to follow the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns.

4. Thumb Splints or Braces: Using a thumb splint can provide support and limit movement, allowing the joint to rest and heal. This can be particularly helpful during activities that require gripping or pinching.

5. Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can provide exercises to strengthen the muscles around the thumb and improve flexibility. They can also teach you techniques to avoid aggravating the injury.

6. Corticosteroid Injections: If the pain persists despite conservative measures, a healthcare provider may recommend corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation in the joint.

Prevention Strategies
1. Ergonomic Tools: Consider using tools that are designed to minimize strain on your hands. Ergonomic designs can help reduce the amount of force required to grip or manipulate objects.

2. Frequent Breaks: If your work involves repetitive hand movements, take regular breaks to stretch and rest your hands. This can help prevent overuse injuries.

3. Strengthening Exercises: Incorporate exercises that strengthen the muscles of the hand and thumb. This can improve stability and reduce the risk of injury.

4. Proper Technique: Pay attention to your hand positioning and technique when performing tasks. Using the correct grip can help minimize strain on the thumb joint.

Conclusion
In summary, thumb joint pain can arise from various causes, including overuse, arthritis, or previous injuries. It is essential to rest the joint, modify activities, and consider using supportive devices like splints. If the pain persists or worsens, consulting with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment options is advisable. With proper care and preventive measures, you can manage your symptoms effectively and reduce the risk of recurrence.

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