Thumb Joint Pain: Causes, Treatment, and Recovery Tips

Thumb issues

Hello Doctor, my right thumb's interphalangeal joint started hurting about a week ago, and I would like to ask you some questions: Currently, the symptoms are that when viewed from the back of the hand, the right side of the interphalangeal joint is particularly painful when pressed; also, when I bend my thumb, it cannot touch the thenar eminence (my left thumb can touch it, but my right thumb cannot bend down).
I visited an orthopedic doctor two days ago, and the doctor said it looks fine and that it will gradually improve (I did not realize at that time that my right thumb could not bend).

1.
I would like to ask if my condition is due to ligament inflammation or a bone issue? (Because it only hurts significantly when pressing on the right side of the interphalangeal joint.)
2.
Should I just apply medication and wait for it to heal gradually?
3.
Do I need to bend my fingers daily (stretching), or should I avoid using my thumb as much as possible?
4.
If it does not improve after a certain period (or how long does this type of injury typically take to heal?), should I see a doctor again?
Thank you for your help! (It seems like many people online have various injuries that haven't healed...)

Niming, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/09/04

Dr. Shi Guozheng reply Orthopedics

1.
It could be ligament inflammation.
If there is an issue with the bone, an X-ray will be needed to confirm it.
2.
You can rest and take some anti-inflammatory medication.
3.
Try to avoid using your thumb as much as possible.
4.
If there is no improvement after two weeks, consult a physician.

Reply Date: 2023/09/04

More Info

Understanding thumb joint pain can be quite complex, as it may arise from various causes, including ligament inflammation, joint issues, or even tendon problems. Based on your description, it seems that your right thumb's interphalangeal joint is causing you significant discomfort, particularly when pressure is applied to the right side of the joint. Additionally, the inability to bend your thumb fully is concerning and warrants further exploration.

Possible Causes of Your Symptoms
1. Ligament Injury or Inflammation: Given that you experience localized pain when pressing on the right side of the joint, it is possible that you may have a ligament injury or inflammation. This could be due to overuse, strain, or even a minor trauma that may not have been immediately apparent.

2. Joint Issues: Conditions such as arthritis, tendinitis, or even a joint sprain could also be contributing to your symptoms. The fact that you cannot bend your thumb fully may indicate that there is some restriction in the joint's range of motion, possibly due to swelling or structural changes.

3. Tendon Problems: The inability to touch the thenar eminence (the fleshy part of the palm at the base of the thumb) could suggest a problem with the tendons that control thumb movement. This could be due to inflammation or irritation of the tendons.

Treatment Options
1. Rest and Ice: Initially, it is crucial to rest the affected thumb and avoid activities that exacerbate the pain. Applying ice can help reduce swelling and alleviate pain.

2. Medication: Over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can help manage pain and inflammation. However, consult with your healthcare provider before starting any medication.

3. Physical Therapy: Engaging in physical therapy may be beneficial. A physical therapist can guide you through specific exercises designed to improve flexibility and strength in your thumb without exacerbating the injury.

4. Splinting: Using a thumb splint can help immobilize the joint, allowing it to heal while preventing further strain.

Rehabilitation and Recovery
1. Gentle Range of Motion Exercises: While it is essential to avoid overusing your thumb, gentle range-of-motion exercises can help maintain flexibility. Start with passive movements, where you use your other hand to assist in bending the thumb gently.

2. Gradual Strengthening: Once the pain decreases, you can gradually introduce strengthening exercises. This should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional to avoid re-injury.

3. Monitoring Symptoms: Keep track of your symptoms. If you notice that the pain persists or worsens after a few weeks, it is advisable to return to your healthcare provider for further evaluation. This may include imaging studies like an X-ray or MRI to rule out any underlying issues.

When to Seek Further Medical Attention
If your symptoms do not improve within 2-4 weeks, or if you experience increased swelling, severe pain, or any signs of infection (such as redness or warmth around the joint), it is crucial to seek further medical evaluation. Persistent symptoms may indicate a more serious condition that requires intervention.

Conclusion
In summary, your thumb joint pain could be due to ligament inflammation, joint issues, or tendon problems. Initial management should focus on rest, ice, and possibly medication. Gentle range-of-motion exercises can be beneficial, but avoid overexerting the thumb. If symptoms persist or worsen, follow up with your healthcare provider for further assessment. Remember, healing takes time, and being patient with your recovery process is essential.

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