Thumb Joint Pain: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

Pain in the interphalangeal joint of the thumb?

I would like to inquire about the interphalangeal joint of my right thumb, which sometimes hurts when it comes into contact with hard objects (the pain is on the nail side).
For example, when the handle of scissors hits the joint (it seems to hurt only at certain angles).
I noticed this pain a few months ago, and about a month ago, the frequency of pain increased.
When I tested the painful area on my thumb, pressing the thumb towards the palm caused pain along the entire thumb tendon.
I visited an orthopedic specialist and had an X-ray taken, which showed no abnormalities.
The doctor suggested it might be due to overuse and prescribed anti-inflammatory ointment.
After that, I tried to use my left hand more at work, but due to the nature of my job, I often have to use my dominant hand.

Currently, my hand condition is as follows:
1.
The interphalangeal joint of my thumb still hurts when using older-style mobile phones, PDA buttons, and when pressing clothes pegs.
2.
There is slight pain in the flexor pollicis brevis muscle, possibly due to excessive force used while working with tools.
Should I continue using the anti-inflammatory ointment and monitor the situation? Is it advisable to purchase a thumb brace or similar protective gear for added support?

Niming, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2022/05/22

Dr. Li Yanheng reply Rehabilitation

A thumb brace can be used for protection and to reduce usage, in conjunction with rehabilitation and medication treatment for approximately 3 to 6 weeks.
If pain persists, other treatment options such as injection therapy may be considered.

Reply Date: 2022/05/22

More Info

Thumb joint pain can be a frustrating and debilitating condition, especially when it interferes with daily activities. Based on your description, it seems that you are experiencing pain in the interphalangeal joint of your right thumb, particularly when it comes into contact with hard objects or during specific movements. This type of pain can arise from several causes, including overuse, inflammation, or even underlying joint issues.

Causes of Thumb Joint Pain
1. Overuse Injuries: Repetitive motions, especially those involving gripping or pinching, can lead to strain on the tendons and ligaments surrounding the thumb joint. This is particularly common in individuals who frequently use their hands for manual tasks, such as typing, using tools, or playing musical instruments.

2. Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendons in the thumb can cause pain, especially during movement. De Quervain's tenosynovitis is a specific type of tendinitis that affects the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist, leading to pain that can radiate into the thumb.

3. Arthritis: Osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis can affect the thumb joints, leading to pain, swelling, and decreased range of motion. While your X-ray did not show any abnormalities, it is still possible for early signs of arthritis to be present.

4. Ligament Injuries: If you have experienced any trauma or excessive force applied to the thumb, it could lead to ligament sprains or tears, which can cause pain and instability in the joint.

Treatment Options
1. Rest and Activity Modification: It is crucial to give your thumb adequate rest. Since you mentioned that your work requires the use of your dominant hand, try to modify your tasks to reduce strain on your thumb. Use your left hand more when possible.

2. Anti-inflammatory Medications: Continuing to use the anti-inflammatory ointment prescribed by your doctor can help reduce pain and inflammation. Over-the-counter oral NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) like ibuprofen can also be effective for managing pain.

3. Thumb Splints or Braces: Using a thumb splint can provide support and immobilization, which may help alleviate pain during activities. A splint can also prevent further strain on the joint while it heals.

4. Physical Therapy: Engaging in physical therapy can be beneficial. A therapist can provide you with exercises to strengthen the muscles around the thumb and improve flexibility, which can help reduce pain and prevent future injuries.

5. Ice Therapy: Applying ice to the affected area can help reduce swelling and numb the pain. Use ice packs for 15-20 minutes several times a day, especially after activities that exacerbate the pain.

6. Gradual Return to Activity: Once the pain subsides, gradually reintroduce activities that involve the thumb. Pay attention to any pain signals and avoid pushing through discomfort.

Prevention Strategies
1. Ergonomic Tools: Consider using ergonomic tools that require less force to operate. This can help reduce strain on your thumb during repetitive tasks.

2. Stretching and Strengthening Exercises: Incorporate thumb and hand exercises into your routine to improve strength and flexibility. Simple stretches can help maintain joint mobility.

3. Mindful Movements: Be conscious of how you use your hands. Avoid awkward positions that put excessive stress on your thumb joint.

4. Regular Breaks: If your work involves prolonged use of your hands, take regular breaks to rest and stretch your fingers and thumbs.

Conclusion
In summary, thumb joint pain can stem from various causes, primarily related to overuse and inflammation. It is essential to rest the joint, modify activities, and consider supportive measures such as splints. If symptoms persist or worsen, further evaluation by a healthcare professional may be necessary to rule out any underlying conditions. By taking proactive steps in treatment and prevention, you can manage your symptoms effectively and maintain the functionality of your thumb.

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