Cervical Erosion: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options - Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Cervical erosion, often referred to as cervical ectropion, is a condition where the cells from the inside of the cervical canal (columnar epithelial cells) extend onto the surface of the cervix (squamous epithelial cells). This condition can lead to various symptoms and complications, particularly when it becomes inflamed or irritated.


Causes of Cervical Erosion
Cervical erosion can be caused by several factors, including:
1. Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly during menstruation, pregnancy, or hormonal contraceptive use, can lead to cervical erosion.

2. Infections: Chronic infections, such as those caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or bacterial vaginosis, can irritate the cervix and lead to erosion.

3. Inflammation: Conditions like cervicitis (inflammation of the cervix) can also contribute to the development of cervical erosion.

4. Trauma: Physical trauma to the cervix during childbirth or certain medical procedures can lead to erosion.


Symptoms of Cervical Erosion
Many women with cervical erosion may not experience any symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Abnormal vaginal discharge
- Bleeding between periods or after sexual intercourse
- Pain during intercourse
- Increased sensitivity or discomfort in the pelvic area

Treatment Options
Treatment for cervical erosion depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of symptoms. Here are some common treatment options:
1. Observation: If the erosion is mild and asymptomatic, doctors may recommend monitoring the condition without immediate intervention.

2. Medications: If an infection is present, antibiotics or antifungal medications may be prescribed to treat the underlying cause.

3. Cauterization: In cases where the erosion is causing significant bleeding or discomfort, procedures such as cauterization (using heat to destroy abnormal tissue) may be performed. This can help to stop bleeding and promote healing.

4. Cryotherapy: This involves freezing the affected area to destroy abnormal cells and promote healing.

5. Surgical Options: In more severe cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to remove the affected tissue.


Your Situation
In your case, it sounds like you are experiencing significant bleeding following a cauterization procedure. While cervical erosion can cause bleeding, especially if it is irritated or inflamed, the amount of bleeding you describe (increasing from a small amount to larger spots) is concerning. It is essential to follow up with your healthcare provider to ensure that there is no underlying issue, such as a more severe injury or infection.


Importance of Pap Smear
You mentioned that you have not yet had a Pap smear. This test is crucial for screening cervical health and detecting any precancerous changes or cervical cancer. Given your symptoms and the presence of cervical erosion, it is advisable to schedule a Pap smear as soon as possible. This will help rule out any serious conditions and provide peace of mind.


Conclusion
Cervical erosion can lead to complications, especially if it becomes inflamed or irritated. While it can cause bleeding, the amount you are experiencing warrants further evaluation. It is essential to maintain open communication with your healthcare provider, follow their recommendations, and ensure that you undergo necessary screenings like the Pap smear. This proactive approach will help manage your symptoms and safeguard your reproductive health.