What to Do If Diagnosed with CIN 1: Understanding Treatment Options and Concerns
What should be done for CIN 1? My cervical biopsy results showed CIN 1, and I underwent laser treatment. However, after three months, my Pap smear results were abnormal again, and I am very scared. Does this mean it cannot be cured? If I keep having biopsies and laser treatments,...
Dr. Chen Changfu Reply:
According to research reports, cervical cancer is closely related to high-risk types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), such as HPV type 16 and HPV type 18. It should not be classified as a malignant virus. A cervical biopsy showing CIN 1 indicates mild dysplasia of cervical cells, w...[Read More] What to Do If Diagnosed with CIN 1: Understanding Treatment Options and Concerns
Understanding Irregular Menstrual Cycles: When to Seek Medical Advice
Irregular menstrual periods? My menstrual cycle has been regular for many years, lasting about 3 days with light flow. However, I had two periods in February on the 1st and the 25th, both with a flow similar to usual. Then on March 17th, I had another period, but this time the fl...
Dr. Dong Yuhong Reply:
Hello: If there are changes in menstrual flow or cycle, it is advisable to consult a gynecologist to understand the underlying issues. You do not need to wait until your period is over; the doctor will arrange for examinations based on your condition. Remember to have your annual...[Read More] Understanding Irregular Menstrual Cycles: When to Seek Medical Advice
Is It Normal to Have Lighter Menstrual Flow? Understanding Your Concerns
Is it normal to have a light menstrual flow? Hello Dr. Lu: I have two questions and would appreciate your response. 1. In the past six months, my menstrual flow has decreased significantly, lasting only about four days. Even on the heaviest day, I don't need to change my p...
Dr. Lü Lizheng Reply:
Dear Hsiao-Chu, 1. Menopause can alter the interval of menstruation, leading to infrequent periods or even a complete cessation. Since you still have regular menstrual cycles, it is likely not menopause. If you are concerned, I recommend visiting a hospital for an examination, b...[Read More] Is It Normal to Have Lighter Menstrual Flow? Understanding Your Concerns
Can Cervical Cancer Be Transmitted Through Intimacy?
Cervical issues If my husband's affair partner has cervical cancer, will I be at risk of transmission if I stay with my husband?
Dr. Zhang Kunmin Reply:
Hello, Cool Mom: Currently, it is theorized that cervical cancer is caused by the transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV), primarily through sexual intercourse, along with individual factors and environmental influences. Therefore, based on your description, it is advisable to...[Read More] Can Cervical Cancer Be Transmitted Through Intimacy?
Can a Pap Smear Detect Emergency Contraceptive Use?
Emergency contraceptive pill Can a Pap smear test conducted on February 20, 2011, after taking emergency contraception on February 3, 2011, detect the use of the emergency contraceptive pill?
Dr. Dong Yuhong Reply:
Hello; you might be concerned about the possibility of unintended pregnancy. Generally speaking, taking emergency contraception immediately after sexual intercourse can be effective in preventing pregnancy. However, if there are any irregularities in the menstrual cycle, it is st...[Read More] Can a Pap Smear Detect Emergency Contraceptive Use?
Understanding Pap Smears: Do Same-Sex Couples Need Them?
Pap smear examination Engaging in sexual activity does not necessarily require penetration; other forms of sexual contact can also be considered sexual behavior. For lesbian couples, it is still important to undergo routine gynecological examinations, including Pap smears, as par...
Dr. Chen Changfu Reply:
Although lesbian women are not considered a high-risk group for human papillomavirus (HPV), due to the variations in individual sexual practices within the lesbian community, it is still recommended to undergo regular cervical cytology screening.[Read More] Understanding Pap Smears: Do Same-Sex Couples Need Them?
Concerns About Unusual Discharge During Early Pregnancy: What to Know
Approximately 5 to 6 weeks into pregnancy, shortly after straining during a bowel movement, there was a presence of wet, foul-smelling discharge on the underwear? Hello Doctor: I underwent an embryo transfer on January 7, and my pregnancy test on January 21 was positive, marking ...
Dr. Lü Lizheng Reply:
Dear YY: Hello, the discharge you are experiencing has a fishy odor, which is likely indicative of vaginitis. It is recommended that you seek medical attention. Wishing you safety and health. Sincerely, Dr. Lu Li-Cheng, Director of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tao...[Read More] Concerns About Unusual Discharge During Early Pregnancy: What to Know
Can STDs Be Transmitted Through Shared Toilet Use?
Could you please provide the content you would like me to translate? Dr. Chang: Hello, I have a question. We have a lady helping us with cleaning at home, and sometimes she shares the toilet with my family. I would like to know if it is possible to contract any sexually transmitt...
Dr. Zhang Kunmin Reply:
Hello Kitty: Generally speaking, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are primarily transmitted through sexual contact, and the likelihood of contracting them through indirect means such as using a toilet is extremely low. Given your situation, there is no need for excessive co...[Read More] Can STDs Be Transmitted Through Shared Toilet Use?
Understanding Unusual Bleeding and Pain Before Menstruation
Premenstrual bleeding during intercourse and dysmenorrhea for four days outside of the menstrual period? Hello Doctor: My menstrual cycle is very regular at 28 days, rarely faster or slower. This time it was three days late, and I experienced bleeding after intercourse on the 7th...
Dr. Chen Changfu Reply:
According to the description, there was bleeding after intercourse on the 7th, followed by the onset of menstruation two days later (on the 9th). Starting on the 19th, there was persistent pain similar to menstrual cramps (not during the menstrual period) for four consecutive day...[Read More] Understanding Unusual Bleeding and Pain Before Menstruation
Unexplained Bleeding After Menstruation: Possible Causes and Insights
Unusual bleeding Hello, Doctor: I was diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia earlier this year, and after six months of medication, my follow-up results have been normal. In November, my endometrial thickness was within the range of 0.5-6. My menstrual period started on December ...
Dr. Chen Changfu Reply:
Most cases of postcoital bleeding are due to vaginal mucosal injury, with only a small percentage resulting from diseases of the female reproductive organs. Since you have already been examined by a gynecologist with no abnormalities found, you can feel reassured and continue to ...[Read More] Unexplained Bleeding After Menstruation: Possible Causes and Insights
Understanding Cervical Polyps: What to Expect from Your Treatment
Cervical polyp Hello Dr. Dong, I have been experiencing abnormal bleeding for several years (approximately 10 years, starting before I became sexually active). Since it occurs during my ovulation period and the amount is very minimal (brownish, requiring only a panty liner), I ha...
Dr. Dong Yuhong Reply:
Hello: Larger cervical polyps are more prone to bleeding during removal, and treatment can be performed at a major hospital. Generally, such procedures can be done on an outpatient basis and do not take much time, but the specific circumstances you encounter during treatment will...[Read More] Understanding Cervical Polyps: What to Expect from Your Treatment
Understanding Cervical Carcinoma In Situ: Surgery, Recovery, and Recurrence Risks
Cervical carcinoma in situ Hello, my mother recently had an abnormal Pap smear, and after undergoing a biopsy at the hospital, she was diagnosed with cervical carcinoma in situ. She is scheduled for surgery on October 28. What type of surgery will this be? What should we pay atte...
Dr. Dong Yuhong Reply:
Hello: The choice of surgical method will depend on your mother's attending physician's assessment and discussion based on her physical condition. If possible, it is advisable for you to accompany your mother to her medical appointments, as this will allow her attending...[Read More] Understanding Cervical Carcinoma In Situ: Surgery, Recovery, and Recurrence Risks
Understanding HPV Transmission Risks in Relationships: Your Questions Answered
Cauliflower infection Hello Doctor, my husband discovered he had genital warts in the anal area in May 2007 (over three years ago). I would like to ask: (1) He has not had a recurrence after electrosurgery, and I have not directly touched the affected area. If I have normal sex...
Dr. Dong Yuhong Reply:
Hello: In the presence of warts, it is recommended to use condoms during sexual intercourse to reduce the risk of infection. Besides sexual activity, contact with unsanitary items or equipment can also lead to infection. Therefore, in addition to monitoring for lesions on the gen...[Read More] Understanding HPV Transmission Risks in Relationships: Your Questions Answered
Understanding Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Causes, Treatments, and Concerns
Questions about medication? Hello, Doctor: My menstrual cycle is normal, with occasional cramps. However, in recent months, I have experienced increased blood flow (with clots) lasting over 8 days. I first visited a gynecology clinic, where a Pap smear came back normal, and an ab...
Dr. Zhang Kunmin Reply:
Hello, your issue can be further evaluated with a blood test to rule out other causes. If it is simply heavy menstrual bleeding without any other endocrine or structural issues, increasing the dosage of progesterone may be beneficial. A common regimen is 20 mg per day for 12-14 d...[Read More] Understanding Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Causes, Treatments, and Concerns
Understanding Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Causes and Treatment Options
Questions about menstruation? Hello, doctor: I would like to ask, my menstrual cycle is normal, but the blood flow (clots) is excessive. Both the Pap smear and vaginal ultrasound showed no abnormalities. Could this be simply due to poor uterine contractions leading to heavy bleed...
Dr. Zhang Kunmin Reply:
Hello, Yuyou: In addition to structural abnormalities, other medical conditions can also cause heavy menstrual bleeding, such as coagulation disorders, anemia, dietary factors, other medications, and hormonal imbalances. Generally, health insurance only covers tests that are rela...[Read More] Understanding Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Causes and Treatment Options
Understanding Severe Menstrual Bleeding: Causes and Concerns
My menstrual bleeding is quite severe? Hello Doctor: My menstrual cycle is normal, but for the past three months, the amount of menstrual blood (clots) has been so excessive that it scares me. I have seen a gynecologist and underwent a Pap smear and abdominal ultrasound, but the ...
Dr. Zhang Kunmin Reply:
Hello Vicky: There are many reasons for heavy menstrual bleeding. Generally, it is necessary to examine the uterus, ovaries, and cervix for any lesions, along with blood tests, to confirm the diagnosis and determine treatment based on the condition. Based on your description, it ...[Read More] Understanding Severe Menstrual Bleeding: Causes and Concerns
Does Sexual Activity Cause Menstrual Cramps and Discomfort?
Is guilt really that heavy? Hello Doctor: My girlfriend has been telling me that she never experienced menstrual cramps before, but since we became intimate, she has been having pain and small blood clots during her periods. Every time she mentions this, I feel a heavy sense of g...
Dr. Dong Yuhong Reply:
Hello: If your girlfriend has recently started experiencing pain before her menstrual period when she did not have this issue before, it is advisable to accompany her to a gynecologist for an examination. This will help identify the possible causes of dysmenorrhea and address you...[Read More] Does Sexual Activity Cause Menstrual Cramps and Discomfort?
Cervical Pap Smear and Virginity: Common Concerns for Women
Please inquire about the Pap smear test and the issue of the hymen? Hello, I have a few questions: 1) I am currently studying abroad and have not engaged in sexual intercourse. However, the school doctor recommended that women over 30, regardless of sexual activity, should underg...
Dr. Chen Changfu Reply:
1. The hymen may tear and bleed during a Pap smear examination of the cervix, but confirmation requires a clinical evaluation; as long as there is no persistent bleeding, there is no medical necessity to examine the hymen for any lacerations. 2. Medical research has identified ...[Read More] Cervical Pap Smear and Virginity: Common Concerns for Women
Understanding HPV Testing and Cervical Smear Results: What You Need to Know
HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Testing Last year, I had a Pap smear and an HPV (human papillomavirus) test done simultaneously. The Pap smear showed signs of inflammation, but the HPV test results were normal. Should I seek treatment for the inflammation indicated in the Pap smear? I...
Dr. Dong Yuhong Reply:
Hello: If you are willing to pay out of pocket for an HPV test every year, there shouldn't be too many reasons to oppose it. However, since your Pap smear showed inflammation while the HPV test was normal, following up with Pap smears every six months to a year and HPV testi...[Read More] Understanding HPV Testing and Cervical Smear Results: What You Need to Know
Understanding Cervical Erosion and Inflammation: What You Need to Know
Cervical erosion? Cervical inflammation? Hello Doctor: On May 12th, I visited a doctor due to redness, swelling, and itching in the vulvar area, and I also had a Pap smear done. The doctor prescribed an ointment and vaginal suppositories. Later, on May 27th, I was informed that I...
Dr. Dong Yuhong Reply:
Hello: The Pap smear and HPV (human papillomavirus) screening are both part of cervical cancer screening. These tests can be performed after becoming sexually active. If you feel anxious, it may be difficult to fully understand the information provided by the doctor during the co...[Read More] Understanding Cervical Erosion and Inflammation: What You Need to Know