Effective Dietary Control for Diabetes Management: Tips and Guidelines

Q: Effective Dietary Control for Diabetes Management: Tips and Guidelines

Hello： In response to your questions. <br>1. <br>The treatment of diabetes includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. <br>The former includes sulfonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin sensitizers, and various forms of in

How to control your diet?

Hello Doctor, I would like to ask about my father, who is a moderately overweight diabetic patient.
He is currently taking traditional Chinese medicine, specifically Xianfengcao (Salvia miltiorrhiza).
The preparation method involves placing the herbal package in a rice cooker with water and rice wine for cooking.
He has been taking this herbal medicine for some time, but he now reports that he does not urinate frequently, yet when he does, the volume is large, and there are bubbles in the urine along with a white film on the surface (these symptoms have been present for a while).
Additionally, he mentions that his body produces a small amount of insulin.

In terms of diet, he tries to limit his intake of beverages, tangyuan (glutinous rice balls), and sweets, but he is more lenient with his main meals.
He eats a lot of vegetables but still consumes some meat.
However, his pre-meal blood sugar level is 186, which is still quite high.
Therefore, I would like to ask how he can better control his diet.
What types of foods can he eat, and what types should he avoid? Also, are there any other important considerations he should be aware of?

Xiao Ju, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2006/01/01

Dr. Xiao Yongxun reply Internal Medicine

Hello: In response to your questions.
1.
The treatment of diabetes includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.
The former includes sulfonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin sensitizers, and various forms of insulin; the latter includes dietary management, exercise, weight control, and a healthy lifestyle.
2.
In addition to controlling the "quantity" of food, the "quality" should also be considered.
It is advisable to avoid high-fat and high-sugar foods, increase the intake of various types of fiber, and pay attention to the appropriate ratio of protein and unsaturated fats.
Practically, this means avoiding fried and refined foods, eating more vegetables, and aiming to eat until about 80% full.
3.
Moderate daily exercise, such as walking, cycling, or swimming, is recommended.
4.
The "Xianfengcao" your father is taking belongs to the category of herbal medicine; there is insufficient evidence in formal medical literature regarding its efficacy.
Currently, some research institutions are investigating it.
5.
Additionally, the presence of bubbles in the urine and the formation of urine strips must raise concerns about poor blood sugar control or proteinuria.
It is advisable to discuss this with your family physician first.

Reply Date: 2006/01/01

More Info

Managing diabetes effectively through dietary control is crucial for maintaining optimal blood sugar levels and preventing complications. For your father, who is currently managing his diabetes with traditional Chinese medicine and has reported high blood sugar levels, it is essential to adopt a structured dietary approach. Here are some tips and guidelines to help him manage his condition better.

1. Understanding Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates have the most significant impact on blood sugar levels. It is essential to monitor carbohydrate intake carefully. Foods high in refined sugars, such as sugary drinks, desserts, and processed snacks, should be avoided. Instead, focus on complex carbohydrates that are high in fiber, such as whole grains (brown rice, quinoa, whole wheat bread), legumes (beans, lentils), and non-starchy vegetables (broccoli, spinach, peppers). These foods help stabilize blood sugar levels due to their slower digestion and absorption.

2. Portion Control
Even healthy foods can lead to weight gain and elevated blood sugar levels if consumed in large quantities. Encourage your father to practice portion control. Using smaller plates, measuring food portions, and being mindful of serving sizes can help prevent overeating.

3. Balanced Meals
Each meal should include a balance of macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and healthy fats. For example, a meal could consist of grilled chicken (protein), a serving of brown rice (carbohydrate), and a side of steamed vegetables (fiber). Including protein and healthy fats (like avocados, nuts, or olive oil) can help slow down the absorption of carbohydrates, leading to more stable blood sugar levels.

4. Regular Meal Timing
Eating at regular intervals can help maintain steady blood sugar levels. Encourage your father to have three balanced meals a day, along with healthy snacks if needed. This approach can prevent extreme fluctuations in blood sugar levels.

5. Hydration
Staying hydrated is vital, especially if he is experiencing increased urination. Encourage him to drink plenty of water throughout the day. Avoid sugary drinks and limit caffeine and alcohol, as these can affect blood sugar levels.

6. Monitoring Blood Sugar Levels
Regularly checking blood sugar levels can help identify how different foods affect his body. Keeping a food diary can also be beneficial, allowing him to track what he eats and how it impacts his blood sugar.

7. Foods to Avoid
- Sugary Foods and Beverages: Sodas, candies, pastries, and desserts.

- Refined Carbohydrates: White bread, white rice, and pasta made from refined flour.

- High-Fat Processed Foods: Fried foods, fast food, and snacks high in trans fats.

- High-Sodium Foods: Processed meats, canned soups, and salty snacks.

8. Foods to Include
- Non-Starchy Vegetables: Leafy greens, broccoli, cauliflower, and bell peppers.

- Whole Grains: Brown rice, quinoa, barley, and whole grain bread.

- Lean Proteins: Skinless poultry, fish, tofu, and legumes.

- Healthy Fats: Nuts, seeds, avocados, and olive oil.

9. Consultation with Healthcare Professionals
It is essential for your father to work closely with his healthcare team, including a registered dietitian or nutritionist, who can provide personalized dietary recommendations based on his specific health needs. Regular check-ups with his doctor are also crucial to monitor his diabetes management and adjust medications as necessary.

10. Lifestyle Modifications
In addition to dietary changes, encourage your father to incorporate physical activity into his routine. Regular exercise can help improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar levels. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week, along with strength training exercises.

Conclusion
Effective dietary control for diabetes management involves understanding carbohydrates, practicing portion control, and maintaining a balanced diet. By making informed food choices and monitoring his blood sugar levels, your father can better manage his diabetes and improve his overall health. Encourage him to stay proactive about his health and maintain open communication with his healthcare providers.

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