Rehabilitation Timeline and Exercises After Shoulder Surgery - Orthopedics

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Rehabilitation after shoulder surgery, particularly following procedures like acromioplasty and ligament repair, is crucial for restoring function and minimizing pain. The timeline and specific exercises can vary based on individual circumstances, but there are general guidelines that can be followed.


Rehabilitation Timeline
1. Immediate Post-Operative Phase (0-2 weeks):
- Goals: Protect the surgical site, manage pain and swelling, and begin gentle passive range of motion (ROM) exercises.

- Activities: Patients are typically advised to wear a sling to immobilize the shoulder. During this phase, passive ROM exercises can be initiated, where a therapist or another person moves the arm for the patient. This helps maintain joint mobility without stressing the healing tissues.

2. Early Rehabilitation Phase (2-6 weeks):
- Goals: Gradually increase shoulder mobility and begin active-assisted ROM exercises.

- Activities: After about two weeks, patients can start performing active-assisted exercises, where they use their non-injured arm to help move the injured arm. Exercises may include pendulum swings and wall climbing. Pain should guide the intensity of these exercises; if it hurts, the patient should stop.

3. Intermediate Rehabilitation Phase (6-12 weeks):
- Goals: Improve strength and functional mobility.

- Activities: At this stage, patients can begin light resistance exercises and more active ROM exercises. This may include using resistance bands or light weights, focusing on shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation. It's essential to continue monitoring pain levels and avoid any movements that cause discomfort.

4. Advanced Rehabilitation Phase (3-6 months):
- Goals: Restore full strength and return to normal activities.

- Activities: Patients can engage in more vigorous strengthening exercises and functional activities. This may include overhead lifting and more complex movements that mimic daily activities or sports. A physical therapist can help tailor a program that gradually increases intensity and complexity.

5. Return to Sport/Activity (6 months and beyond):
- Goals: Full return to pre-injury activities, including sports.

- Activities: Depending on the individual’s progress, they may be cleared to return to sports or high-impact activities. This phase often includes sport-specific training and agility drills.


Recommended Exercises
- Passive ROM Exercises: Use a wand or stick to assist in moving the arm through its range of motion without using the shoulder muscles.

- Pendulum Swings: Lean forward and let the arm hang down, gently swinging it in circles or back and forth.

- Wall Climbing: Face a wall and use your fingers to "climb" up the wall, gradually increasing the height as tolerated.

- Isometric Exercises: Engage the shoulder muscles without moving the joint, such as pressing the arm against a wall.

- Resistance Band Exercises: Once cleared, use bands for external rotation, internal rotation, and shoulder flexion.


Important Considerations
- Pain Management: Always listen to your body. If an exercise causes pain, it should be modified or avoided.

- Consultation with a Physical Therapist: A tailored rehabilitation program is essential. A physical therapist can provide guidance on proper techniques and progression based on individual recovery.

- Regular Follow-ups: Regular check-ins with the surgeon or healthcare provider are crucial to monitor healing and adjust rehabilitation protocols as needed.

In conclusion, the rehabilitation process after shoulder surgery is gradual and requires patience. Following the outlined timeline and engaging in appropriate exercises can significantly enhance recovery and restore function. Always consult with healthcare professionals to ensure a safe and effective rehabilitation journey.