Are apple seeds toxic?
There is a belief online that the flesh of apples is edible, but the seeds contain cyanide and should not be consumed.
Is this true? I often make apple juice and blend the seeds in, so I would like to know if there are any medical studies related to apple seeds that I can refer to.
Thank you!
mángguǒ, 40~49 year old female. Ask Date: 2014/11/06
Dr. Huang Yuru reply Nutrition
Hello: I understand that the seeds of fruits often contain cyanide or cyanogenic glycosides; however, some components, such as anthocyanins, can be beneficial to human health.
It is advisable to remove the seeds before making fruit juice.
You may refer to the following two sources for more information: 1.
Scientific Development, March 2012, Issue 471, "The Deadly Kiss of Cyanide." 2.
Professor Lin Chieh-Liang from the Department of Toxicology at Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, "The Many Faces of Cyanide Toxicity." Thank you.
Reply Date: 2014/11/06
More Info
Apple seeds do indeed contain a compound called amygdalin, which can release cyanide when metabolized. However, the amount of cyanide present in apple seeds is quite small, and it would take a significant amount of seeds to reach a toxic level. To put it into perspective, a person would need to consume a large quantity of seeds—potentially hundreds of them—before experiencing any harmful effects.
When you consume apple seeds in small amounts, such as when juicing apples, the risk of toxicity is minimal. The human body can detoxify small amounts of cyanide, and the seeds are often crushed or chewed in such a way that the amygdalin is not fully released. However, it is still advisable to avoid consuming large quantities of apple seeds regularly.
Research has shown that while apple seeds do contain amygdalin, the fruit itself is rich in beneficial nutrients, including vitamins, fiber, and antioxidants. These nutrients can contribute positively to overall health. For instance, apples are known for their high content of polyphenols, which have antioxidant properties that can help combat oxidative stress in the body.
In terms of medical studies, there have been various discussions around the safety of apple seeds. A study published in the journal "Food Chemistry" highlighted that while apple seeds do contain amygdalin, the levels are not high enough to pose a significant risk when consumed in moderation. Another study in "Toxicology Reports" emphasized that the risk of cyanide poisoning from apple seeds is extremely low, especially when compared to other sources of cyanide exposure, such as certain nuts and seeds (like bitter almonds).
If you are concerned about the potential toxicity of apple seeds, it is a good practice to remove them before juicing or consuming apples. This way, you can enjoy the health benefits of apples without the worry of ingesting any harmful compounds. Additionally, focusing on a balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits and vegetables will provide a broader range of nutrients and health benefits.
In conclusion, while apple seeds do contain a toxic compound, the risk associated with consuming them in small amounts is very low. It is always best to err on the side of caution and remove the seeds if you are juicing apples or consuming them whole. Enjoying apples as part of a diverse and balanced diet can contribute positively to your health without the need to worry about the seeds. If you have any further concerns or experience any adverse effects after consuming apple seeds, it would be wise to consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice.
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