Cervix, Obstetrics and Gynecology FAQ

Understanding Your Cervical Pap Smear Results: Mild Dysplasia Explained

I cannot understand the uterine biopsy report? Hello, Doctor: Two weeks ago, I underwent a cervical smear test under the National Health Insurance program for women aged 40. The results indicated Mild dysplasia (CIN1) without koilocytic changes. The report stated: Cervix & #2...

Dr. Huang Jianxun Reply:
Dear Patient, Hello, this is to inform you that the diagnosis of cervical cell abnormalities requires further confirmation through colposcopy. Please return for follow-up. Wishing you peace and good health. Sincerely, Dr. Huang Chia-Yen Attending Physician, Department of O...

Concerns About Chronic Infections and Fertility in Women

excuse me? I have been experiencing abnormal vaginal discharge for the past two to three years. When I took medication, it temporarily resolved, but it returned after a while. Over the past year or two, I have also frequently had inflammation of the uterus and cervix. Since I am ...

Dr. Chen Changfu Reply:
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may recur and can also be reinfected; the causes of infection are complex and may involve multiple bacterial infections. Avoiding complex sexual relationships is a good method to prevent recurrent infections and inflammation of the pelvic cavity.

Is Brown Discharge Normal After Uterine Removal Surgery?

Subtotal hysterectomy I underwent a hysterectomy (with preservation of the ovaries and cervix) at the beginning of this year, and it has been over a month since the surgery. On March 6, after using the restroom, I noticed a small amount of dark brown discharge. Is this normal? Co...

Dr. Chen Changfu Reply:
It is possible that the dark brown discharge is just a small amount of secretion from the tissue healing at the surgical site. It may also be menstrual blood resulting from residual endometrial tissue left after a subtotal hysterectomy. If you are experiencing any unusual symptom...

Understanding Cervical Smear Tests: Does Self-Stimulation Count as Sexual Experience?

Sexual intercourse Hello Doctor: A classmate from middle school recently asked me a question, but since I am unmarried and have no sexual experience, I am unable to answer his question accurately. Therefore, I would like to ask the doctor: Regarding the Pap smear test, does the t...

Dr. Chen Changfu Reply:
Research has confirmed that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a causative factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. HPV infection primarily occurs through sexual intercourse; therefore, women with a history of sexual activity should undergo regular (annual) Pap smea...

Managing Recurrent Vaginal Infections: Causes, Treatments, and Risks

Recurrent genital infections Hello Doctor, since I started having sexual intercourse after marriage, I have been experiencing recurrent infections. I usually have a milky white discharge, but after intercourse, the discharge often has a fishy odor and a cottage cheese-like consis...

Dr. Lin Zhaopei Reply:
If the discharge is a simple milky white, it is mostly indicative of a Candida infection. However, if there is a fishy odor, it may suggest the presence of two or more infections. Given that this has been ongoing for 13 years, it indicates that the medications used are likely to ...

How to Prevent a Third Miscarriage After Two Losses?

Having experienced two miscarriages, what steps can be taken to prevent a third one? I experienced my first pregnancy but did not detect a heartbeat, so I underwent a procedure to remove it. Three months later, I became pregnant again, and although there was a heartbeat initially...

Dr. Zhang Yongxuan Reply:
1. Three or more consecutive miscarriages are classified as recurrent pregnancy loss. 2. The average incidence of spontaneous abortion is 15%. When the first pregnancy ends in a spontaneous abortion, regardless of the chromosomal pattern of the aborted fetus, the chance of expe...

Understanding Women's Health: Cervical Cancer Risks and Related Conditions

excuse me? 1. I've heard that long-term vaginal discharge can increase the risk of cervical cancer. Is this true? 2. I have been suffering from chronic constipation and straining during bowel movements, which has led to gynecological issues. Additionally, I can't help...

Dr. Li Guanghan Reply:
1. The cause of cervical cancer has been established as infection with HPV (human papillomavirus) in the cervix, which leads to a prolonged process of lesions. The primary mode of transmission is through sexual intercourse, and there is little direct relation to vaginal secretion...

Essential Tips for Your First Pap Smear: What to Expect

Important considerations for traditional Pap smear tests include: Hello, doctor. Recently, our company is conducting health check-ups, and one of the tests is a Pap smear. Since this is my first time undergoing this examination, I am quite anxious because both married and unmarri...

Dr. Chen Changfu Reply:
The examination you mentioned (Pap smear) refers to the traditional cervical cytology test. All women who have engaged in sexual intercourse should undergo a Pap smear annually, as it involves using a speculum to open the vagina and visualize the cervix, where cells are gently sc...

Understanding Cervical Cancer Risks: CIN-2 and Cone Biopsy Insights

Cervical cancer Hello Doctor: I had a Pap smear in September this year, and the result was abnormal, indicating dysplasia that cannot exclude HSIL. I subsequently underwent a biopsy, which showed focal CIN-2 in the uterus and cervix. Microscopically, the sections reveal a picture...

Dr. Li Guanghan Reply:
Hello: 1. The pathology reports from cervical conization surgeries mostly align with the pathology reports from colposcopic cervical biopsies, with a small portion being more severe and a very small percentage being less severe. 2. Your current cervical biopsy report indicates CI...

Understanding Pregnancy Risks After Unprotected Sex During Menstrual Cycle

Is it possible to get pregnant if ejaculation occurs on the 5th day after menstruation? Hello, Doctor: (Please take a moment to help clarify my concerns, thank you) My menstrual cycles started on April 27, May 26, June 27, and July 25. My period on July 25 (which usually lasts fo...

Dr. Li Guanghan Reply:
Hello! 1. During menstruation, the cervix is at its most vulnerable and has the lowest resistance, making sexual intercourse inadvisable. Although the chances of conception are low at this time, it is not impossible. If you are concerned about pregnancy, you should seek consult...

Understanding Blood-Streaked Discharge: When to Worry and What It Means

Blood-streaked discharge Hello, doctor. A few days ago, I asked you a question. My last menstrual period was on April 27. On May 28, 29, and 30, I noticed some brown discharge. Today, June 1, I went to see the doctor. The doctor only performed a transvaginal ultrasound and said t...

Dr. Lin Zhaopei Reply:
It should be fine to wait for your period to come. The main issue is hormonal imbalance. If it remains irregular, you can visit a clinic to receive a menstrual induction injection.

Understanding Cone Biopsy Results: What to Do After Abnormal Pap Smears?

Cervical conization Hello Dr. Lee, I had a cone biopsy on February 2nd, and the report showed no residual disease, which was very reassuring at the time. However, during my routine Pap smear on May 1st, an abnormality was detected again, with a grade of 10, up from 9 before the...

Dr. Li Guanghan Reply:
Hello: Your questions have been answered. If you have any further inquiries, please bring all your smear tests, biopsy results, and HPV examination reports to our obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic for consultation. Thank you! Hsinchu Hospital, Department of Obstetrics a...

Choosing the Right Time for Scheduled C-Section: A Guide for Parents

Timing of Cesarean Section Dear Doctor, Hello. My wife's due date is in late March. She has a double uterus and double cervix. The baby is currently in a breech position with some malpresentation, and there is also a slight deficiency in amniotic fluid. The doctor has recom...

Dr. Zhuang Zhijian Reply:
Based on your description, a cesarean section would be more ideal. Generally, the procedure is performed after the fetus reaches full term (at least 37 weeks). If a scheduled time is arranged and all preparations are in place, it is considered safer. In contrast, performing an em...

Persistent Abdominal Discomfort After Ovarian Cyst Surgery: Seeking Answers

Underwent a second abdominal surgery, experiencing discomfort in the abdomen with a tingling sensation (floating sensation)? Eight years ago, due to uterine fibroids, a total hysterectomy was performed, including the removal of the uterus and cervix. Eight years later, experienci...

Dr. Li Guanghan Reply:
Hello: It sounds like it could be subcutaneous nerve or myofascial pain, and it may not necessarily be an intra-abdominal issue. You are welcome to come for a consultation at the Hsinchu City Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Postpartum Discomfort: Addressing Common Concerns After Childbirth

Postpartum discomfort? Hello, doctor. I just gave birth on October 26, 2006. I am currently breastfeeding, and my postpartum check-up showed that I am normal with no issues. However, I am experiencing the following abnormalities and would like your assistance: 1. I experience se...

Dr. Lin Zhaopei Reply:
1. If it is a natural vaginal delivery, inflammation of the sutures can lead to the formation of granulation tissue or inclusion cysts, which may cause dyspareunia. Additionally, if the cervix is more prolapsed, there may be increased discomfort during intercourse due to impact. ...

Understanding Cervical Erosion: Fertility, Risks, and Past Procedures

Cervical laceration Hello, doctor. I previously visited a physician due to inflammation of the uterus and cervix. Later, the doctor informed me that I have a cervical abrasion. Since I have not given birth before, the doctor advised that I am not suitable for cryotherapy. I would...

Dr. Lin Zhaopei Reply:
Cervical abrasions are often caused by external factors, such as Pap smear tests, vigorous sexual activity, or the use of sexual aids. Treatment is typically localized, and cryotherapy targets the entire cervical erosion, making it unsuitable for this condition. There are many fa...

Understanding Unexplained Pain: Gynecological Concerns and Early Detection

Unknown pain Hello Dr. Lin: (1) How are vaginal cancer and endometrial cancer examined? Is it the same as doing an ultrasound? (2) Do we have to wait until there are symptoms to discover these diseases? How can we prevent them early? What are the symptoms? (3) For some gyne...

Dr. Lin Zhaopei Reply:
1. Vaginal cancer is extremely rare, while endometrial cancer typically presents with abnormal bleeding in its early stages. The definitive diagnosis for both is made through biopsy rather than ultrasound. 2. Vaginal cancer can be easily detected through Pap smears, while endom...

Understanding Pelvic Inflammation: Symptoms and Treatment Insights

Inflammation Hello, doctor. I would like to ask if pelvic inflammatory disease can cause symptoms such as lower back pain. I recently visited a doctor who diagnosed me with inflammation of the uterus and cervix. I have been undergoing treatment for 2 to 3 weeks, but I still exper...

Dr. Lin Zhaopei Reply:
Generally, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may present with the following symptoms: 1. Lower abdominal pain, which may sometimes radiate to the upper right abdomen, 2. Increased vaginal discharge, 3. Pressure or discomfort in the lower abdomen near the pubic area, 4. Fever, 5. ...

Understanding Inflammation in the Uterus and Cervix: Treatment Duration and Concerns

Why does inflammation occur? Hello, doctor. I would like to ask about the treatment duration for inflammation of the uterus and cervix. The doctor mentioned that it is not severe, but I have been using suppositories for 10 days. After that, my menstruation started, and now I have...

Dr. Lin Zhaopei Reply:
1. The treatment is generally assessed every two weeks. 2. Inflammation of the uterus or cervix can certainly affect fertility. If there is persistent infertility, blood tests for Chlamydia or a hysterosalpingography can be arranged. Additionally, if there is inflammation, ther...

Understanding Endometrial Cancer Treatment: Questions and Nutritional Support

Endometrial cancer My mother underwent laparoscopic surgery for uterine fibroids, during which her uterus and cervix were removed. The uterine tissue was sent for pathology, and it was found to contain malignant cells. She has been referred to radiation oncology for further treat...

Dr. Zhang Tingzhang Reply:
Dear devoted daughter: After reading your letter, I can feel your concern for your mother. Due to uterine fibroids, she underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy, and subsequently, it was discovered that she has endometrial cancer. This is a consultation we sometimes receive in our gyn...

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