Do Flat Feet Require Surgery? Treatment Options and Risks - Rehabilitation

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Flat feet, or pes planus, is a common condition where the arches of the feet are lowered or absent, causing the entire foot to come into contact with the ground. This can lead to various symptoms, including pain in the feet, ankles, and even the knees and hips, especially after prolonged walking or running. In your girlfriend's case, where she experiences significant pain and frequent ankle sprains, it is essential to evaluate her condition thoroughly before deciding on a treatment plan.


Treatment Options for Flat Feet
1. Conservative Management: Most cases of flat feet can be managed without surgery. Initial treatment options include:
- Orthotic Devices: Custom-made or over-the-counter arch supports can help provide the necessary support to the foot's arch, alleviating pain and preventing further complications.

- Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can provide exercises to strengthen the muscles of the foot and ankle, improve flexibility, and enhance overall foot function.

- Activity Modification: Reducing activities that exacerbate pain, such as running or standing for long periods, can help manage symptoms.

2. Medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used to reduce pain and inflammation associated with flat feet. However, if your girlfriend has allergies to NSAIDs, alternative pain relief methods should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

3. Surgery: Surgical intervention is typically considered only when conservative treatments fail to relieve symptoms, and the flat feet cause significant functional impairment or pain. Surgical options may include:
- Osteotomy: This involves cutting and realigning the bones of the foot to create a more normal arch.

- Tendon Transfer: In some cases, tendons may be repositioned to help support the arch.

- Fusion: In severe cases, joints in the foot may be fused to provide stability.


Surgical Considerations
If surgery is deemed necessary, the procedure may involve immobilization with a cast or boot for a period post-surgery, depending on the specific operation performed. The recovery time can vary, but it generally takes several weeks to months for the foot to heal adequately. During this time, physical therapy will likely be recommended to regain strength and mobility.


Risks of Delaying Treatment
Delaying treatment for flat feet can lead to complications, including:
- Chronic Pain: Ongoing pain in the feet, ankles, and knees can develop, affecting daily activities.

- Joint Problems: Over time, flat feet can lead to misalignment of the lower extremities, resulting in arthritis or other joint issues.

- Increased Risk of Injury: As you've noted, frequent ankle sprains can occur due to instability caused by flat feet.


Conclusion
In summary, while surgery is an option for flat feet, it is not the first line of treatment. It is essential for your girlfriend to consult with a podiatrist or orthopedic specialist who can assess her condition and recommend appropriate treatment options. If conservative measures fail to provide relief, then surgical options can be explored. Early intervention can help prevent long-term complications, so it is advisable not to delay seeking professional advice.