Fructooligosaccharides and Mannooligosaccharides: Key Differences and Benefits

Fructooligosaccharides and Mannooligosaccharides?

Hello: I have a few questions that I would like to ask you.
Could you please explain: 1.
What are fructooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides? 2.
What are the differences between fructooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides? 3.
What are the functions of these two substances? What benefits do they have for the human body? I look forward to your response.
Thank you.

Yu Ba, 60~69 year old female. Ask Date: 2007/11/27

Dr. Shi Guimei reply Nutrition

Dear Mr.
Yu,
Hello! Fructooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides both belong to the category of oligosaccharides.
Oligosaccharides are composed of 3 to 10 monosaccharides linked together and are found in plants or microorganisms.
Although they are present in low quantities, there are many different types.
The chemical bonds within oligosaccharide molecules cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes, making them difficult to digest.
However, they can be fermented by microorganisms in the colon, resulting in the production of gases and small metabolic byproducts.
Excessive consumption can lead to symptoms such as bloating, flatulence, and gastrointestinal discomfort.
In cases of overconsumption, mild diarrhea may occur, which can be alleviated by reducing the intake.
Recent studies have indicated that many types of indigestible oligosaccharides possess prebiotic functions.
For instance, fructooligosaccharides can increase beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria in the intestines of animals and reduce harmful bacteria.
Fructooligosaccharides are primarily found in foods like bananas, onions, garlic, asparagus, barley, and tomatoes.
Xylooligosaccharides can selectively be fermented by Bifidobacteria in the intestines of animals, producing short-chain fatty acids that lower intestinal pH and promote gut health in both animals and humans.
Certain plants in nature contain trace amounts of xylooligosaccharides, such as corn cobs.
Humans can also obtain xylooligosaccharides through the consumption of hemicellulose, which is broken down by intestinal bacteria.
Sincerely,
Dietitian Shih Kuei-Mei
Director of the Nutrition Department, Taoyuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare

Reply Date: 2007/11/27

More Info

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) are both types of oligosaccharides, which are carbohydrates made up of a small number of sugar molecules. They are gaining attention for their potential health benefits, particularly in the context of gut health and overall well-being. Let’s delve into the definitions, differences, and benefits of these two oligosaccharides.

1. What are Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and Mannanoligosaccharides (MOS)?
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are short-chain carbohydrates composed mainly of fructose units. They are naturally found in various plants, including onions, garlic, asparagus, and bananas. FOS are classified as prebiotics, meaning they serve as food for beneficial gut bacteria, promoting their growth and activity.

Mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), on the other hand, are derived from the polysaccharide mannan, which is found in the cell walls of certain plants, particularly in yeast and legumes. MOS also act as prebiotics and are known for their ability to bind to pathogens in the gut, potentially preventing their adhesion to the intestinal lining.

2. Key Differences Between FOS and MOS
The primary difference between FOS and MOS lies in their composition and source:
- Composition: FOS is primarily made up of fructose units, while MOS is composed of mannose units. This difference in sugar composition leads to variations in their metabolic pathways and effects on gut microbiota.

- Sources: FOS is commonly found in a variety of fruits and vegetables, whereas MOS is predominantly derived from yeast and certain legumes. This difference in sources may influence their availability and usage in dietary supplements.

3. Functions and Benefits of FOS and MOS
Both FOS and MOS offer several health benefits, particularly concerning gut health:
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS):
- Prebiotic Effects: FOS promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the gut. This can lead to improved gut health, enhanced digestion, and better nutrient absorption.

- Digestive Health: By increasing the population of good bacteria, FOS can help alleviate constipation and improve overall bowel regularity.

- Immune Support: A healthy gut microbiome is linked to a robust immune system. By supporting beneficial bacteria, FOS may contribute to enhanced immune function.

- Blood Sugar Regulation: Some studies suggest that FOS may help in managing blood sugar levels, making it potentially beneficial for individuals with insulin resistance or diabetes.

Mannanoligosaccharides (MOS):
- Pathogen Binding: MOS can bind to harmful bacteria and viruses in the gut, preventing their adhesion to the intestinal wall. This action can help reduce the risk of infections and gastrointestinal diseases.

- Immune Modulation: Similar to FOS, MOS may also play a role in modulating the immune response, potentially enhancing the body’s ability to fight off infections.

- Gut Health: By promoting a balanced gut microbiota, MOS can contribute to improved digestive health and may help in conditions such as diarrhea or dysbiosis.

Conclusion
In summary, fructooligosaccharides and mannanoligosaccharides are both valuable oligosaccharides with distinct compositions and sources. They share some common benefits, particularly in promoting gut health and supporting the immune system. Incorporating foods rich in these oligosaccharides into your diet can be a beneficial strategy for enhancing digestive health and overall well-being. However, as with any dietary changes or supplements, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional, especially for individuals with specific health conditions or dietary restrictions.

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