Is Alfalfa Safe? Its Risks and Benefits for Health

Is this true?

Hello, I came across an article online that made me very anxious because I have been consuming alfalfa sprouts as a weight loss aid for the past month, and I really enjoy them.
However, after reading this article, I am quite worried.
Can you please tell me if this is true? Do the toxic components of alfalfa sprouts trigger autoimmune diseases?
Alfalfa sprouts are highly praised by vegetarians, and some health writers believe that consuming raw alfalfa sprouts can detoxify the body.
Alfalfa is often described as a low-calorie, high-fiber health food.
Health food stores sell alfalfa seeds, and supermarkets sell alfalfa sprouts.
Popular health literature has sung the praises of alfalfa, and its health benefits first spread in the United States before reaching Taiwan over a decade later.

The primary therapeutic effect of alfalfa in monkeys is the gradual reduction of established atherosclerotic plaques, and it can also lower total cholesterol and bad cholesterol levels in humans.
Therefore, the main benefits of alfalfa are in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
However, alfalfa contains saponins (a type of phytochemical) that can dissolve red blood cells and hinder the body's utilization of vitamin E.
Moreover, alfalfa contains a naturally occurring toxic component known as L-canavanine, which is a toxic basic amino acid.
Its primary toxicity is that it can promote autoimmune diseases in mammals, causing the immune system to lose its regulatory function and mistakenly identify the body’s own cells as antigens, leading to the production of antibodies that destroy these antigens.
This results in autoimmune diseases where the body’s immune system attacks itself.
The main autoimmune disease associated with this toxicity is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Evidence shows that alfalfa can induce disease in monkeys and exacerbate the condition in SLE patients.
Excessive consumption of alfalfa can also damage various blood cell types in humans, reducing their counts; fortunately, blood cell counts can recover after ceasing consumption.
Both alfalfa seeds and alfalfa sprouts contain this toxic component, with a relatively high concentration, accounting for about 1.5% of the weight of dry seeds or dry sprouts.
It appears that healthy individuals should avoid using alfalfa to prevent atherosclerosis, and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus should refrain from consuming alfalfa sprouts.
First-degree relatives of these patients should also avoid alfalfa due to the hereditary nature of this condition, as they have the highest incidence rate, and consuming alfalfa may increase their risk of developing the disease.
There are many fruits and vegetables that can lower cholesterol; it makes no sense to exclusively rely on alfalfa sprouts or alfalfa health supplements.

Jinzhang de xiao pang!!!, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2004/12/01

Dr. Cai Xiuwen reply Nutrition

Hello! Many research findings reveal a phenomenon, and the reasons behind it require inference, which in turn needs further studies to verify whether the toxic components in alfalfa sprouts can trigger autoimmune diseases.
Personal suggestions can be considered, but it should not be overly reacted to; for instance, can we say that patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) will not develop the disease if they do not consume alfalfa? Will consuming alfalfa worsen their condition? How much alfalfa would lead to such deterioration? What changes in the condition might occur? These questions require careful research into causal relationships to strengthen the presentation of results.

Regardless of whether the subjects are human or animal models, they often consume large amounts of alfalfa.
Would the average person consume such quantities? Moreover, many studies publicized through newspapers and magazines can exaggerate the severity of the facts.
When sensational headlines appear, they can alarm many people.
If the public does not thoroughly investigate the causal relationships, there is a risk of negative messaging.
For example, previous reports indicated that "peanuts can lower blood lipids," leading many people to consume peanuts excessively.
However, the reality is that unsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid found in peanuts, can help prevent atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
Therefore, peanuts can be consumed in moderation, or peanut oil can be chosen in appropriate amounts.

For individuals with hyperlipidemia, consuming more peanuts to lower cholesterol could potentially lead to elevated triglyceride levels! Thus, it is essential to verify multiple sources of information and examine them carefully to avoid misunderstandings.
This response is provided by Dietitian Tsai Hsiu-Wen from Nantou Hospital, Department of Health.

Reply Date: 2004/12/01

More Info

Alfalfa, or Medicago sativa, is a plant that has been praised for its nutritional benefits, particularly among vegetarians and health enthusiasts. It is often consumed in various forms, including sprouts, seeds, and supplements, and is known for its high fiber content and potential cholesterol-lowering effects. However, recent concerns have emerged regarding its safety, particularly in relation to autoimmune diseases and other health risks.

One of the primary concerns associated with alfalfa is its content of certain compounds that may pose health risks. Alfalfa contains saponins, which can interfere with the body's ability to utilize vitamin E and may lead to the destruction of red blood cells in excessive amounts. More significantly, alfalfa sprouts and seeds contain a toxic amino acid known as L-canavanine. This compound has been linked to the exacerbation of autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Research has indicated that L-canavanine can disrupt the immune system, leading the body to mistakenly attack its own cells, which is a hallmark of autoimmune disorders.

The potential for alfalfa to trigger or worsen autoimmune conditions is particularly concerning for individuals with a family history of such diseases. Those with SLE or other autoimmune disorders are advised to avoid alfalfa altogether, as the risk of exacerbating their condition is significant. Furthermore, first-degree relatives of individuals with autoimmune diseases may also be at increased risk and should consider avoiding alfalfa as a precautionary measure.

While alfalfa has been touted for its cholesterol-lowering properties and potential cardiovascular benefits, it is essential to weigh these benefits against the potential risks. There are numerous other foods that can help manage cholesterol levels without the associated risks of alfalfa. For instance, foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fatty fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts, as well as soluble fiber sources like oats and legumes, can effectively support heart health without the concerns linked to alfalfa consumption.

In terms of safety, moderate consumption of alfalfa sprouts may be acceptable for healthy individuals, but caution is warranted. Pregnant women, nursing mothers, and individuals with compromised immune systems should also exercise caution when consuming alfalfa products. It is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider before incorporating alfalfa into your diet, especially if you have existing health conditions or concerns about autoimmune diseases.

In summary, while alfalfa can offer certain health benefits, its potential risks, particularly regarding autoimmune diseases, cannot be overlooked. Individuals considering alfalfa as a dietary supplement or health food should be informed of these risks and consult with healthcare professionals to make an educated decision about its inclusion in their diet. It is crucial to prioritize safety and consider alternative foods that provide similar health benefits without the associated risks.

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